{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Acids (HS4 2916) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for acids at HS4 2916, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2916",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2916/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2916/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2916/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2916/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "2916",
    "name": "Acids"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The acids subsector recorded $10.0B in reported global trade in 2024, with +5.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 10015021926.330711,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 5.675086058074065,
    "activeExporters": 137,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 12
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Rapid decline",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -10.102401830855424,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 0.3367612452966462,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 13785027551.76348,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 65.51724137931035,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1881.018262847964,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 958.1387282040379,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4076766635370816
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 3414386457.2095027,
      "corridor_count": 2055,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 3191943385.493402,
      "corridor_count": 2037,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 3274868353.995229,
      "corridor_count": 2093,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 3020664244.05182,
      "corridor_count": 2155,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 3391608952.1524224,
      "corridor_count": 2348,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 2916,
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      "corridor_count": 2602,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
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      "corridor_count": 2625,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 3748956369.40624,
      "corridor_count": 2715,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 4675679136.439613,
      "corridor_count": 2807,
      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2004,
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      "global_trade_usd": 5841107785.104268,
      "corridor_count": 2888,
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    },
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      "year": 2005,
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      "active_hs6_count": 11
    },
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      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 7069279390.3204565,
      "corridor_count": 3089,
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    },
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      "year": 2007,
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      "corridor_count": 3099,
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    },
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      "year": 2008,
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      "corridor_count": 3188,
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    },
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      "year": 2009,
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      "global_trade_usd": 6737263968.803629,
      "corridor_count": 3229,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 9012055685.326756,
      "corridor_count": 3201,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 2916,
      "global_trade_usd": 10787040837.086878,
      "corridor_count": 3373,
      "active_hs6_count": 12
    },
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      "year": 2012,
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    },
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      "year": 2013,
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    },
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      "year": 2014,
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    },
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      "year": 2015,
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    },
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    },
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      "year": 2017,
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      "corridor_count": 3718,
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    },
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      "year": 2018,
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      "year": 2019,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
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      "hs_code": "291611",
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    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids: esters of acrylic acid"
    },
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    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids: esters of methacrylic acid"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids: oleic, linoleic or linolenic acids, their salts and esters"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic, cyclic monocarboxylic, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids: their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives, binapacryl (ISO)"
    },
    {
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      "product_name": "Acids: unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic, cyclic monocarboxylic, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids: their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2916.1"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic monocarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives"
    },
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      "hs_code": "291631",
      "product_name": "Acids: aromatic monocarboxylic acids, benzoic acid, its salts and esters"
    },
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      "product_name": "Acids: aromatic monocarboxylic acids, benzoyl peroxide and benzoyl chloride"
    },
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      "hs_code": "291633",
      "product_name": "Acids: aromatic monocarboxylic acids: phenylacetic acid, its salts and esters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "291634",
      "product_name": "Acids: aromatic monocarboxylic acids, phenylacetic acid and its salts"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "291635",
      "product_name": "Acids: aromatic monocarboxylic acids, esters of phenylacetic acid"
    },
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      "hs_code": "291636",
      "product_name": "Acids: aromatic monocarboxylic acids, binapacryl (ISO)"
    },
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    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}