{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:16.959Z",
  "title": "HS4 2845 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 2845 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2845/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 2845",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2845"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2845/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "2845",
  "parentHs2": "28",
  "subsectorName": "Heavy water (deuterium oxide)",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "2845",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 2823755374.4837856,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 1960081777.0316422,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 1420650335.6904054,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 905225773.58897,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 58.58725839521644,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 39.84934320252076,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 26.64936734429142,
    "historical_peak_usd": 2823755374.4837856,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 32.32909091276783,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 31.937891050925018,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2370.900385120807,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 2111.043312688956,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 1.3730149182426896,
    "active_corridor_count": 1430,
    "active_exporter_count": 94,
    "active_importer_count": 167,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2823755374.4837856,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 2382046954.5291133,
    "topFiveSharePct": 61.06363698898255,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "IRL",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "Ireland",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 1099543182.3545947,
      "cagr3": 22609.738849794103,
      "cagr5": 2492.5508542075195,
      "cagr10": 409.1709785727698,
      "share": 38.93903814368493,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07329710050202022,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0036789252848484838,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0714515752006061,
      "distanceKm": 5266,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1099543182.3545947,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 6,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 58.58725839521644,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 39.84934320252076,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 26.64936734429142,
    "latestYoyPct": 32.32909091276783,
    "trendLabel": "Rapid growth",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2823755374.4837856,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2370.900385120807,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 2111.043312688956,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 1.3730149182426896,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "Ireland to Canada leads the reported HS4 2845 routes with $1.1B in 2024 and +22,609.7% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $2.8B in latest reported trade, with +58.6% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "IRL",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "Ireland",
      "importerName": "Canada",
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      "cagr3": 22609.738849794103,
      "cagr5": 2492.5508542075195,
      "cagr10": 409.1709785727698,
      "share": 38.93903814368493,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.07329710050202022,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0036789252848484838,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0714515752006061,
      "distanceKm": 5266,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1099543182.3545947,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 6,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "PRT",
      "importerIso3": "IRL",
      "exporterName": "Portugal",
      "importerName": "Ireland",
      "value": 178493985.6963985,
      "cagr3": 1886.8928397085754,
      "cagr5": 501.0417866395515,
      "cagr10": 145.16153585739167,
      "share": 6.32115612100532,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1640,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 178493985.6963985,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 4,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "RUS",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Russia",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 143049131.48072878,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "HKG",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region",
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      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2922161241204,
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      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
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      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
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      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
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      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 116233850.1049397,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
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      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "cagr3": 28.35690475933741,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
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      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region",
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 52820393.21117364,
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
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      "rank": 9,
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      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.058782636827160506,
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      "historicalPeakUsd": 50979690.243144125,
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    },
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      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "yearsWithData": 21,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "RUS",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Russia",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
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    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "IRN",
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      "exporterName": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
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      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "IND",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "India",
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      "distanceKm": 11771,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 78131145.05714166,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.16067586537564,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "IRL",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Ireland",
      "importerName": "China",
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      "appliedTariffPct": 0.30189875567878777,
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      "distanceKm": 9368,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 19271736.31636627,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 9,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
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      "value": 17926849.221175913,
      "cagr3": -3.272917822576671,
      "cagr5": -1.3258672751196077,
      "cagr10": 3.332919980726956,
      "share": 0.6348584365050794,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04055785931159596,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.040602244382303025,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.028737436999999994,
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      "distanceKm": 10872,
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      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "RUS",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Russia",
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      "value": 17828612.57956057,
      "cagr3": 22.285729059982785,
      "cagr5": 7.525092159227342,
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      "ftaKnown": true,
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