{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Borates (HS4 2840) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for borates at HS4 2840, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2840",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2840/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2840/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2840/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2840/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "2840",
    "name": "Borates"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The borates subsector recorded $1.3B in reported global trade in 2024, with -6.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1327183563.1510267,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -6.089438620479235,
    "activeExporters": 106,
    "activeImporters": 180,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 9.264372358126316,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 9.494749230600942,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1327183563.1510267,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3072.6298456413924,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1372.6941679841889,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.36920473232897694
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      "hs4": 2840,
      "global_trade_usd": 480327520.7808716,
      "corridor_count": 1110,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 2840,
      "global_trade_usd": 413460151.03732586,
      "corridor_count": 1097,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 2840,
      "global_trade_usd": 491181857.9686587,
      "corridor_count": 1112,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 2840,
      "global_trade_usd": 445290947.7297984,
      "corridor_count": 1081,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 2840,
      "global_trade_usd": 488852026.8713131,
      "corridor_count": 1279,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 2000,
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      "corridor_count": 1286,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
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      "corridor_count": 1350,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 2840,
      "global_trade_usd": 394238742.8684674,
      "corridor_count": 1384,
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    },
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      "year": 2003,
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      "global_trade_usd": 412331360.8332711,
      "corridor_count": 1432,
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    },
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      "year": 2004,
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    },
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      "year": 2009,
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      "corridor_count": 1719,
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    },
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      "year": 2010,
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      "global_trade_usd": 749810438.6421525,
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    },
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      "year": 2011,
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      "year": 2012,
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    },
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      "year": 2013,
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    },
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      "year": 2014,
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      "country_name": "Peru"
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      "trade_balance_usd": -15199805.03751346,
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      "export_partner_count": 37,
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      "country_name": "Brazil"
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      "import_partner_count": 37,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MYS",
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      "imports_usd": 27213626.173615754,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25253764.628633905,
      "export_partner_count": 17,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Malaysia"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 26189297.190646656,
      "trade_balance_usd": -15199805.03751346,
      "export_partner_count": 80,
      "import_partner_count": 27,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
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      "imports_usd": 25123427.610475887,
      "trade_balance_usd": -24828632.21208477,
      "export_partner_count": 12,
      "import_partner_count": 22,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "284011",
      "product_name": "Borates: disodium tetraborate (refined borax), anhydrous"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "284019",
      "product_name": "Borates: disodium tetraborate (refined borax), other than anhydrous"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "284020",
      "product_name": "Borates: n.e.c. in heading no. 2840"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "284030",
      "product_name": "Peroxoborates (perborates)"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}