{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:16.321Z",
  "title": "HS4 2831 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 2831 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2831/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 2831",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2831"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2831/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "2831",
  "parentHs2": "28",
  "subsectorName": "Dithionites and sulphoxylates",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "2831",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 226618408.63987082,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 285539371.9984022,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 269943078.06052166,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 271101274.50778085,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -6.469257536277961,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -3.7968422418015346,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -2.884157803484877,
    "historical_peak_usd": 372443545.47818047,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 39.1536216988496,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -4.114502766251582,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.5850997327930845,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 2840.6319374774316,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 1464.988832407291,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.3728735754179073,
    "active_corridor_count": 1094,
    "active_exporter_count": 85,
    "active_importer_count": 157,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 226618408.63987082,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 138334282.22393075,
    "topFiveSharePct": 27.945898149155735,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "PAK",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Pakistan",
      "value": 19048423.540201046,
      "cagr3": 3.9968672680980255,
      "cagr5": 13.902124529299286,
      "cagr10": 8.1841392079391,
      "share": 8.405505825641784,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3924685062080808,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.4008605510242425,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.10733320757618181,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2935273434480607,
      "distanceKm": 5339,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25570010.187848225,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 25.50482616055612,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -6.469257536277961,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -3.7968422418015346,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -2.884157803484877,
    "latestYoyPct": -4.114502766251582,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 372443545.47818047,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.1536216988496,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2840.6319374774316,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1464.988832407291,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3728735754179073,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "China to Pakistan leads the reported HS4 2831 routes with $19.0M in 2024 and +4% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $226.6M in latest reported trade, with -6.5% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
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      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
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      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Pakistan",
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      "cagr3": 3.9968672680980255,
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      "share": 8.405505825641784,
      "ftaKnown": true,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.10733320757618181,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2935273434480607,
      "distanceKm": 5339,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25570010.187848225,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 25.50482616055612,
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      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
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      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "India",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
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      "cagr10": 5.3626806852926645,
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      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04857969387777777,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.049145919861616184,
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      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
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      "importerName": "Laos",
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      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
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    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "IND",
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      "rank": 17,
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