{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:15.806Z",
  "title": "HS4 2823 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 2823 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 2823",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "2823",
  "parentHs2": "28",
  "subsectorName": "Titanium oxides",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "2823",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 716051994.7420831,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 768527232.6252236,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 782182416.3272028,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 803105774.4868886,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -7.700712655984532,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": -2.597694081407065,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": -2.4419684522755447,
    "historical_peak_usd": 1200491765.5076241,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 40.35344387062057,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 7.201371990367944,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.2587442037089875,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1502.743282256126,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 423.78502064295054,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.17926350805197253,
    "active_corridor_count": 1882,
    "active_exporter_count": 111,
    "active_importer_count": 171,
    "active_hs6_count": 1,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 716051994.7420831,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 362422576.87421083,
    "topFiveSharePct": 19.23958163460825,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 39032379.4428015,
      "cagr3": -9.659210783979432,
      "cagr5": -2.5326559624425427,
      "cagr10": 1.9203075775045653,
      "share": 5.451053796290406,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 60235734.54424939,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.20062511377168,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -7.700712655984532,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": -2.597694081407065,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": -2.4419684522755447,
    "latestYoyPct": 7.201371990367944,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1200491765.5076241,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 40.35344387062057,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1502.743282256126,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 423.78502064295054,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.17926350805197253,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "France to Germany leads the reported HS4 2823 routes with $39.0M in 2024 and -9.7% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $716.1M in latest reported trade, with -7.7% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 39032379.4428015,
      "cagr3": -9.659210783979432,
      "cagr5": -2.5326559624425427,
      "cagr10": 1.9203075775045653,
      "share": 5.451053796290406,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 60235734.54424939,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.20062511377168,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "BRA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Brazil",
      "value": 28584896.29143157,
      "cagr3": -8.505562544323752,
      "cagr5": 8.977676567708247,
      "cagr10": 12.322119341664916,
      "share": 3.9920140578237824,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 37320937.70737501,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.407882954176443,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 27939909.10125674,
      "cagr3": -4.746093301808574,
      "cagr5": 0.7334504148512888,
      "cagr10": 13.426372782557007,
      "share": 3.9019385891551774,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
      "distanceKm": 2732,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 37207471.3590879,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 24.907799211589165,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "IND",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "India",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 22108481.4308294,
      "cagr3": 54.22762720541907,
      "cagr5": 1.78266818695747,
      "cagr10": 8.738200555869735,
      "share": 3.087552523164567,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.018917854050022623,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0160890843918404,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02451315999046264,
      "distanceKm": 5846,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25893712.384087387,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.618340148028173,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 20099741.808324642,
      "cagr3": -11.9798119066575,
      "cagr5": 46.20222722311995,
      "cagr10": 27.87087745129653,
      "share": 2.807022668174317,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 29474306.939139742,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.805888261163346,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 16038660.922060868,
      "cagr3": -5.078872495618459,
      "cagr5": 2.3154387373719443,
      "cagr10": -2.285553931553763,
      "share": 2.2398737856791926,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 54581608.43777674,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2016,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 70.61526513945626,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 15871251.988897743,
      "cagr3": -7.393379054925053,
      "cagr5": -0.19739016532200893,
      "cagr10": 1.541656922515755,
      "share": 2.21649434753889,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 27715875.120930046,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2004,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 42.735879997841614,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "EGY",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Egypt",
      "value": 15463908.864891192,
      "cagr3": 40.470145588025595,
      "cagr5": 55.8422641775294,
      "cagr10": 27.31200792853967,
      "share": 2.159606980839594,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3373637314060605,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3373637314060605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8370,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 15463908.864891192,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 15434505.724163387,
      "cagr3": 22.81278310933168,
      "cagr5": 20.08922364847181,
      "cagr10": 3.3693524630109106,
      "share": 2.155500695130776,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5267321838847735,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5267321838847735,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5786,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 17039832.920551367,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.42102662551245,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 14457181.482350362,
      "cagr3": -15.468452596945493,
      "cagr5": 3.0108555416675786,
      "cagr10": 0.5429988489602744,
      "share": 2.0190128075207356,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019785718721303032,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01655754645517325,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042646584813513605,
      "distanceKm": 10277,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 26181419.6226849,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 44.78075791648848,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 14244375.611864876,
      "cagr3": 1.9612450298898354,
      "cagr5": 1.1950437377617584,
      "cagr10": -4.283114783917529,
      "share": 1.989293475398473,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 43297087.80254395,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 67.10084595798627,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 13192519.771274332,
      "cagr3": -3.3222019512810674,
      "cagr5": -0.766756854982209,
      "cagr10": 0.2575700237927636,
      "share": 1.8423969024799918,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 17681677.198799018,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 25.388753436973726,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 12716674.585086394,
      "cagr3": -9.377353241040465,
      "cagr5": 1.0660543742918804,
      "cagr10": -1.4984280456333599,
      "share": 1.7759429033734977,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "distanceKm": 1763,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 19019645.302390885,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.1392653074985,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "SAU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
      "value": 12313230.329100559,
      "cagr3": 36.529290092992994,
      "cagr5": 38.93674065931925,
      "cagr10": 34.77640288680859,
      "share": 1.7196000317736282,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7253,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 12313230.329100559,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 24,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 10862012.695126766,
      "cagr3": -4.560189342943977,
      "cagr5": -2.648029218794057,
      "cagr10": -0.8725002268464177,
      "share": 1.5169307221941595,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5178343248545455,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.08998392081090906,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4423262793264647,
      "distanceKm": 4692,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 16612170.481381508,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.61412699020498,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 10166779.564252894,
      "cagr3": 15.283388337137026,
      "cagr5": 27.32749609724565,
      "cagr10": 2.1849430129579517,
      "share": 1.4198381736112469,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 11589802.696507523,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.27823431958374,
      "yearsWithData": 27,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 9099124.061573096,
      "cagr3": -15.191959131180955,
      "cagr5": -6.820384758650011,
      "cagr10": 1.9866493989281642,
      "share": 1.270735104208534,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.14177167863838386,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.1297884190808081,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.01621420555959599,
      "distanceKm": 867,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 14917240.584893985,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.00263249231652,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 8996975.777253795,
      "cagr3": 7.869551750734605,
      "cagr5": 11.461731311896827,
      "cagr10": 10.509403533842864,
      "share": 1.2564696199882026,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.052512962910909095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545457,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04141017184121213,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03372032864424244,
      "distanceKm": 11441,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 9842759.876259644,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.592956748298276,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "TUR",
      "importerIso3": "IRN",
      "exporterName": "Turkey",
      "importerName": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
      "value": 8760288.293269197,
      "cagr3": 17.966611903100205,
      "cagr5": 37.97318790314268,
      "cagr10": 16.64142604899217,
      "share": 1.223415109181365,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 2044,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 8760288.293269197,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "TWN",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Taiwan",
      "value": 8466625.473098135,
      "cagr3": -13.102417426644896,
      "cagr5": -1.407125666572706,
      "cagr10": 1.719480739805923,
      "share": 1.1824037270013825,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 2109,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 16434512.088322109,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.48264781091813,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 8001130.219463305,
      "cagr3": -17.393214243073352,
      "cagr5": -13.736201197900865,
      "cagr10": -3.1999631245312465,
      "share": 1.1173951442374315,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6402,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 24414113.047816552,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1996,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 67.2274384746536,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 7912045.724822828,
      "cagr3": 119.11235046316176,
      "cagr5": 195.66059033414228,
      "cagr10": 177.01288433129108,
      "share": 1.1049540791619037,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05717175463858586,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0022980195070717168,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05690611176161515,
      "distanceKm": 5997,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 7912045.724822828,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 20,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "JPN",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "Japan",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 7815128.396490004,
      "cagr3": -12.253140138905849,
      "cagr5": -5.8874725824093925,
      "cagr10": -1.1383636344188153,
      "share": 1.0914191223369134,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.14600262464040406,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.14600262464040406,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1155,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 16618892.14186417,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.974432171665995,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 7485392.881917202,
      "cagr3": -5.185049308173529,
      "cagr5": -6.331467252276846,
      "cagr10": 8.858193093034284,
      "share": 1.0453700201775693,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12928,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 10381163.068663647,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 27.894467773919807,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "THA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Thailand",
      "value": 7359356.432610087,
      "cagr3": 1.468427499672531,
      "cagr5": 9.41428927678134,
      "cagr10": 2.5405188755012853,
      "share": 1.0277684423267162,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
      "distanceKm": 2887,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 7359356.432610087,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 7912045.724822828,
      "cagr3": 119.11235046316176,
      "cagr5": 195.66059033414228,
      "cagr10": 177.01288433129108,
      "share": 1.1049540791619037,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.05717175463858586,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0022980195070717168,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05690611176161515,
      "distanceKm": 5997,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 7912045.724822828,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 20,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "IND",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "India",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 22108481.4308294,
      "cagr3": 54.22762720541907,
      "cagr5": 1.78266818695747,
      "cagr10": 8.738200555869735,
      "share": 3.087552523164567,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.018917854050022623,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0160890843918404,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02451315999046264,
      "distanceKm": 5846,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 25893712.384087387,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.618340148028173,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "EGY",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Egypt",
      "value": 15463908.864891192,
      "cagr3": 40.470145588025595,
      "cagr5": 55.8422641775294,
      "cagr10": 27.31200792853967,
      "share": 2.159606980839594,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3373637314060605,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3373637314060605,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 8370,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 15463908.864891192,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "SAU",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
      "value": 12313230.329100559,
      "cagr3": 36.529290092992994,
      "cagr5": 38.93674065931925,
      "cagr10": 34.77640288680859,
      "share": 1.7196000317736282,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7253,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 12313230.329100559,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 24,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 15434505.724163387,
      "cagr3": 22.81278310933168,
      "cagr5": 20.08922364847181,
      "cagr10": 3.3693524630109106,
      "share": 2.155500695130776,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5267321838847735,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5267321838847735,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5786,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 17039832.920551367,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.42102662551245,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 39032379.4428015,
          "cagr3": -9.659210783979432,
          "cagr5": -2.5326559624425427,
          "cagr10": 1.9203075775045653,
          "share": 5.451053796290406,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 60235734.54424939,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.20062511377168,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 27939909.10125674,
          "cagr3": -4.746093301808574,
          "cagr5": 0.7334504148512888,
          "cagr10": 13.426372782557007,
          "share": 3.9019385891551774,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1527572807164251,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.15905857597826087,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02103543936987923,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13802313660838164,
          "distanceKm": 2732,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 37207471.3590879,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 24.907799211589165,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "IND",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "India",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 22108481.4308294,
          "cagr3": 54.22762720541907,
          "cagr5": 1.78266818695747,
          "cagr10": 8.738200555869735,
          "share": 3.087552523164567,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.018917854050022623,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0160890843918404,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02451315999046264,
          "distanceKm": 5846,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 25893712.384087387,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 14.618340148028173,
          "yearsWithData": 28,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 20099741.808324642,
          "cagr3": -11.9798119066575,
          "cagr5": 46.20222722311995,
          "cagr10": 27.87087745129653,
          "share": 2.807022668174317,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 29474306.939139742,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.805888261163346,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 16038660.922060868,
          "cagr3": -5.078872495618459,
          "cagr5": 2.3154387373719443,
          "cagr10": -2.285553931553763,
          "share": 2.2398737856791926,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 54581608.43777674,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2016,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 70.61526513945626,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 10862012.695126766,
          "cagr3": -4.560189342943977,
          "cagr5": -2.648029218794057,
          "cagr10": -0.8725002268464177,
          "share": 1.5169307221941595,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5178343248545455,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.08998392081090906,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.4423262793264647,
          "distanceKm": 4692,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 16612170.481381508,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.61412699020498,
          "yearsWithData": 29,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 10166779.564252894,
          "cagr3": 15.283388337137026,
          "cagr5": 27.32749609724565,
          "cagr10": 2.1849430129579517,
          "share": 1.4198381736112469,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
          "distanceKm": 11077,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 11589802.696507523,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 12.27823431958374,
          "yearsWithData": 27,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 9099124.061573096,
          "cagr3": -15.191959131180955,
          "cagr5": -6.820384758650011,
          "cagr10": 1.9866493989281642,
          "share": 1.270735104208534,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.14177167863838386,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.1297884190808081,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.01621420555959599,
          "distanceKm": 867,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 14917240.584893985,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 39.00263249231652,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "CAN",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Canada",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 7912045.724822828,
          "cagr3": 119.11235046316176,
          "cagr5": 195.66059033414228,
          "cagr10": 177.01288433129108,
          "share": 1.1049540791619037,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.05717175463858586,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.059204131268686865,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0022980195070717168,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05690611176161515,
          "distanceKm": 5997,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 7912045.724822828,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 20,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "THA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Thailand",
          "value": 7359356.432610087,
          "cagr3": 1.468427499672531,
          "cagr5": 9.41428927678134,
          "cagr10": 2.5405188755012853,
          "share": 1.0277684423267162,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.29405095701191925,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3057545667454546,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.006877102784626263,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.2988774639608283,
          "distanceKm": 2887,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 7359356.432610087,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        }
      ],
      "count": 10,
      "value": 170618491.18365878,
      "averageCagr": 13.88756565432015,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.12712680703850743,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.10463311952354637
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "BRA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Brazil",
          "value": 28584896.29143157,
          "cagr3": -8.505562544323752,
          "cagr5": 8.977676567708247,
          "cagr10": 12.322119341664916,
          "share": 3.9920140578237824,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.2883659997252525,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 18570,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 37320937.70737501,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.407882954176443,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 15871251.988897743,
          "cagr3": -7.393379054925053,
          "cagr5": -0.19739016532200893,
          "cagr10": 1.541656922515755,
          "share": 2.21649434753889,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 27715875.120930046,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2004,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 42.735879997841614,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "EGY",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Egypt",
          "value": 15463908.864891192,
          "cagr3": 40.470145588025595,
          "cagr5": 55.8422641775294,
          "cagr10": 27.31200792853967,
          "share": 2.159606980839594,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3373637314060605,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3373637314060605,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 8370,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 15463908.864891192,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 28,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 15434505.724163387,
          "cagr3": 22.81278310933168,
          "cagr5": 20.08922364847181,
          "cagr10": 3.3693524630109106,
          "share": 2.155500695130776,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5267321838847735,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5267321838847735,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 5786,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 17039832.920551367,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.42102662551245,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 14457181.482350362,
          "cagr3": -15.468452596945493,
          "cagr5": 3.0108555416675786,
          "cagr10": 0.5429988489602744,
          "share": 2.0190128075207356,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019785718721303032,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01655754645517325,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042646584813513605,
          "distanceKm": 10277,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 26181419.6226849,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 44.78075791648848,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 14244375.611864876,
          "cagr3": 1.9612450298898354,
          "cagr5": 1.1950437377617584,
          "cagr10": -4.283114783917529,
          "share": 1.989293475398473,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 43297087.80254395,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 67.10084595798627,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "IND",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "India",
          "value": 13192519.771274332,
          "cagr3": -3.3222019512810674,
          "cagr5": -0.766756854982209,
          "cagr10": 0.2575700237927636,
          "share": 1.8423969024799918,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
          "distanceKm": 4252,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 17681677.198799018,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 25.388753436973726,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 12716674.585086394,
          "cagr3": -9.377353241040465,
          "cagr5": 1.0660543742918804,
          "cagr10": -1.4984280456333599,
          "share": 1.7759429033734977,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019320016547984244,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483489491008082,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.02411875489129495,
          "distanceKm": 1763,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 19019645.302390885,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.1392653074985,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "SAU",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
          "value": 12313230.329100559,
          "cagr3": 36.529290092992994,
          "cagr5": 38.93674065931925,
          "cagr10": 34.77640288680859,
          "share": 1.7196000317736282,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898989,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 7253,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 12313230.329100559,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 24,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 8996975.777253795,
          "cagr3": 7.869551750734605,
          "cagr5": 11.461731311896827,
          "cagr10": 10.509403533842864,
          "share": 1.2564696199882026,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.052512962910909095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545457,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.04141017184121213,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03372032864424244,
          "distanceKm": 11441,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 9842759.876259644,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.592956748298276,
          "yearsWithData": 29,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "TUR",
          "importerIso3": "IRN",
          "exporterName": "Turkey",
          "importerName": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
          "value": 8760288.293269197,
          "cagr3": 17.966611903100205,
          "cagr5": 37.97318790314268,
          "cagr10": 16.64142604899217,
          "share": 1.223415109181365,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 2044,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 8760288.293269197,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 25,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "TWN",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Taiwan",
          "value": 8466625.473098135,
          "cagr3": -13.102417426644896,
          "cagr5": -1.407125666572706,
          "cagr10": 1.719480739805923,
          "share": 1.1824037270013825,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": null,
          "mfnTariffPct": null,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 2109,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 16434512.088322109,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1995,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 48.48264781091813,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 8001130.219463305,
          "cagr3": -17.393214243073352,
          "cagr5": -13.736201197900865,
          "cagr10": -3.1999631245312465,
          "share": 1.1173951442374315,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04660416541625514,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6402,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 24414113.047816552,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1996,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 67.2274384746536,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "JPN",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "Japan",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 7815128.396490004,
          "cagr3": -12.253140138905849,
          "cagr5": -5.8874725824093925,
          "cagr10": -1.1383636344188153,
          "share": 1.0914191223369134,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.14600262464040406,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.14600262464040406,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1155,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 16618892.14186417,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.974432171665995,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 7485392.881917202,
          "cagr3": -5.185049308173529,
          "cagr5": -6.331467252276846,
          "cagr10": 8.858193093034284,
          "share": 1.0453700201775693,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13600296420404037,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12928,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 10381163.068663647,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 27.894467773919807,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        }
      ],
      "count": 15,
      "value": 191804085.69055206,
      "averageCagr": 2.3739237979174304,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.22298586989964014,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.13837477229281833
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 39032379.4428015,
      "cagr3": -9.659210783979432,
      "cagr5": -2.5326559624425427,
      "cagr10": 1.9203075775045653,
      "share": 5.451053796290406,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 60235734.54424939,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 35.20062511377168,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "IND",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "India",
      "value": 13192519.771274332,
      "cagr3": -3.3222019512810674,
      "cagr5": -0.766756854982209,
      "cagr10": 0.2575700237927636,
      "share": 1.8423969024799918,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5307908369111112,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07929677931515151,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.45301342082222223,
      "distanceKm": 4252,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 17681677.198799018,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2011,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 25.388753436973726,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 2823 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=2823",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/28"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Titanium oxides in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=2823",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/28",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/28",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=2823",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2823",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/28",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/28",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}