{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Electrical energy (HS4 2716) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for electrical energy at HS4 2716, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2716",
  "publisher": {
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    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2716/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2716/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2716/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2716/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "2716",
    "name": "Electrical energy"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The electrical energy subsector recorded $63.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with -17.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 63466981612.06788,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -17.419125757900222,
    "activeExporters": 123,
    "activeImporters": 162,
    "activeHs6Products": 1
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -2.3636726985251433,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 12.733530136703507,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 130532100317.97574,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 55.172413793103445,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 422.10796900382263,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 378.82793176380716,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.747000145917305
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  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 7310386590.908475,
      "corridor_count": 228,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 8295147775.3743925,
      "corridor_count": 247,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 7601476236.679349,
      "corridor_count": 315,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 8185317285.539577,
      "corridor_count": 269,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 8483403395.690187,
      "corridor_count": 351,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 11461767888.145073,
      "corridor_count": 506,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 13565420386.159254,
      "corridor_count": 408,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 13471823333.548485,
      "corridor_count": 614,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 17263162493.425552,
      "corridor_count": 609,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 20747258230.080677,
      "corridor_count": 468,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 26748910894.18418,
      "corridor_count": 721,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 33266097460.109135,
      "corridor_count": 637,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 29314598588.892498,
      "corridor_count": 699,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 40541091182.326935,
      "corridor_count": 712,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 33224144595.42078,
      "corridor_count": 602,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 34571658298.83004,
      "corridor_count": 755,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 42324769703.93728,
      "corridor_count": 830,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 41248882587.673615,
      "corridor_count": 937,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 36009465583.866356,
      "corridor_count": 909,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 35722563435.15404,
      "corridor_count": 876,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 31577818558.518898,
      "corridor_count": 871,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 27929033323.60386,
      "corridor_count": 700,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 32363137449.01028,
      "corridor_count": 785,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 37286128439.22515,
      "corridor_count": 903,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 34856382354.6576,
      "corridor_count": 784,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 30054331055.722515,
      "corridor_count": 639,
      "active_hs6_count": 1
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 68188877404.60742,
      "corridor_count": 717,
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    {
      "year": 2022,
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      "global_trade_usd": 130532100317.97574,
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      "year": 2023,
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      "corridor_count": 661,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 2716,
      "global_trade_usd": 63466981612.06788,
      "corridor_count": 853,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "271600",
      "product_name": "Electrical energy"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}