{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Petroleum jelly (HS4 2712) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for petroleum jelly at HS4 2712, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2712",
  "publisher": {
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    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2712/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2712/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2712/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2712/index.ld.json",
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  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "2712",
    "name": "Petroleum jelly"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The petroleum jelly subsector recorded $4.0B in reported global trade in 2024, with -0.9% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 4011400065.416366,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -0.8641587609138727,
    "activeExporters": 146,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 3
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -2.967995756643449,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.415033992931439,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 5243584419.608103,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1388.936027238982,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 443.84463867013113,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4457079175462742
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 886685546.7272757,
      "corridor_count": 2074,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 936272276.0860509,
      "corridor_count": 2178,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 1031106132.1037104,
      "corridor_count": 2133,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 1002116044.3816106,
      "corridor_count": 2097,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 1103364790.2907012,
      "corridor_count": 2279,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 1300232542.9637454,
      "corridor_count": 2806,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 1319319262.9797826,
      "corridor_count": 2833,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 1414757048.9642646,
      "corridor_count": 2966,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 1674814336.1675453,
      "corridor_count": 3022,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 2038472518.7298899,
      "corridor_count": 3049,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 2213813251.106704,
      "corridor_count": 3202,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 2709399046.811507,
      "corridor_count": 3379,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 3025443261.0231586,
      "corridor_count": 3412,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 3800773282.2748203,
      "corridor_count": 3445,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 2974617928.0012636,
      "corridor_count": 3508,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 3938570770.4093084,
      "corridor_count": 3526,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 4353725724.7622175,
      "corridor_count": 3658,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 4083982314.2239513,
      "corridor_count": 3729,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 4135619301.7199,
      "corridor_count": 3686,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 4388761773.98377,
      "corridor_count": 3863,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 2712,
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      "corridor_count": 3826,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3477775772.3465805,
      "corridor_count": 3845,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 3520188648.430677,
      "corridor_count": 3854,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3616822455.278609,
      "corridor_count": 3844,
      "active_hs6_count": 3
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 2712,
      "global_trade_usd": 3232070357.9654026,
      "corridor_count": 3798,
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    },
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      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3021858455.6909556,
      "corridor_count": 3706,
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      "year": 2021,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -121304341.38689622,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "271210",
      "product_name": "Petroleum jelly"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271220",
      "product_name": "Paraffin wax: containing by weight less than 0.75% of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271290",
      "product_name": "Paraffin wax: containing by weight 0.75% or more of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}