{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured) (HS4 2523) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for cement clinkers (whether or not coloured) at HS4 2523, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2523",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2523/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2523/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2523/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2523/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "2523",
    "name": "Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured)"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The cement clinkers (whether or not coloured) subsector recorded $14.3B in reported global trade in 2024, with -1.9% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 14317830117.586544,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -1.9268704541392492,
    "activeExporters": 165,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -1.3607086085441034,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 2.8364448373791706,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 15344489759.960682,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 65.51724137931035,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 903.4615983276602,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 626.0102254972105,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3801171483933921
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 4425453465.866808,
      "corridor_count": 2388,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 4985904267.263981,
      "corridor_count": 2413,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 4957990895.20019,
      "corridor_count": 2412,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 4331069565.657227,
      "corridor_count": 2498,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 4753410611.815708,
      "corridor_count": 2797,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 4546129054.25103,
      "corridor_count": 3161,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 4698844740.548196,
      "corridor_count": 3198,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 5286345136.365047,
      "corridor_count": 3246,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 5548519288.4408655,
      "corridor_count": 3225,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 6599906057.4041815,
      "corridor_count": 3246,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 8415706610.927635,
      "corridor_count": 3315,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 9864916463.991192,
      "corridor_count": 3448,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 11371411101.961782,
      "corridor_count": 3517,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 12793387427.739323,
      "corridor_count": 3560,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 10377320506.64704,
      "corridor_count": 3563,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 11536759922.348944,
      "corridor_count": 3580,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 11991658536.529825,
      "corridor_count": 3732,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 12468927162.429596,
      "corridor_count": 3690,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 13484980409.696203,
      "corridor_count": 3754,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 13931526968.990395,
      "corridor_count": 3748,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 11958113757.67737,
      "corridor_count": 3798,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 10851546177.120249,
      "corridor_count": 3761,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 11519931648.633905,
      "corridor_count": 3726,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 12651590846.318441,
      "corridor_count": 3703,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 12449214046.248245,
      "corridor_count": 3574,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 12410102432.390781,
      "corridor_count": 3507,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 14918576103.17942,
      "corridor_count": 3698,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
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      "global_trade_usd": 15344489759.960682,
      "corridor_count": 3636,
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    },
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      "year": 2023,
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      "global_trade_usd": 15005462763.559843,
      "corridor_count": 3525,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 2523,
      "global_trade_usd": 14317830117.586544,
      "corridor_count": 3483,
      "active_hs6_count": 5
    }
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      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 490886796.4385332,
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.569320437111004,
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      "trend_label": "Stable",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 556,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Canada",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
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      "importer_name": "Hungary"
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.023232568608734,
      "historical_peak_usd": 267944529.3916934,
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      "latest_below_peak_pct": 35.16384881841353,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -25.44476538321877,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.659823849944107,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03143133432052091,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
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      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "hs4": 2523,
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      "distance_km": 174,
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      "exporter_name": "Belgium",
      "importer_name": "Netherlands"
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      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "country_name": "Germany"
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      "import_partner_count": 40,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 7217992.439741762,
      "trade_balance_usd": 482993121.19218415,
      "export_partner_count": 84,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
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      "exports_usd": 489008267.9161032,
      "imports_usd": 128819854.5143463,
      "trade_balance_usd": 360188413.4017569,
      "export_partner_count": 109,
      "import_partner_count": 42,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Spain"
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    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IDN",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 400394639.3549477,
      "export_partner_count": 39,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Indonesia"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 401207226.8288117,
      "export_partner_count": 45,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Algeria"
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    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SVK",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 291933147.3048285,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Slovakia"
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  "importers": [
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      "export_partner_count": 124,
      "import_partner_count": 51,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "country_name": "Bangladesh"
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      "trade_balance_usd": -313529586.52582145,
      "export_partner_count": 113,
      "import_partner_count": 71,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 515565632.29193157,
      "trade_balance_usd": -424954833.1148028,
      "export_partner_count": 79,
      "import_partner_count": 57,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
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      "imports_usd": 484996118.7084438,
      "trade_balance_usd": -429251832.4052413,
      "export_partner_count": 91,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 458842896.0873061,
      "trade_balance_usd": -456581298.1397778,
      "export_partner_count": 13,
      "import_partner_count": 20,
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      "country_name": "Philippines"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ITA",
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      "imports_usd": 374121172.9144314,
      "trade_balance_usd": -167023107.3843758,
      "export_partner_count": 92,
      "import_partner_count": 37,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Italy"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "HUN",
      "hs4": 2523,
      "exports_usd": 18765279.624900736,
      "imports_usd": 339053935.22392505,
      "trade_balance_usd": -320288655.5990243,
      "export_partner_count": 20,
      "import_partner_count": 22,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Hungary"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ISR",
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      "exports_usd": 312033.1040198779,
      "imports_usd": 265936871.06084093,
      "trade_balance_usd": -265624837.95682105,
      "export_partner_count": 5,
      "import_partner_count": 20,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Israel"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MLI",
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      "exports_usd": 807.3462115742165,
      "imports_usd": 254467776.67660975,
      "trade_balance_usd": -254466969.33039817,
      "export_partner_count": 1,
      "import_partner_count": 20,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Mali"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "252310",
      "product_name": "Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "252321",
      "product_name": "Cement: portland, white, whether or not artificially coloured"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "252329",
      "product_name": "Cement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially coloured"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "252330",
      "product_name": "Cement: aluminous (ciment fondu), whether or not coloured or in the form of clinkers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "252390",
      "product_name": "Cement: hydraulic kinds n.e.c. in heading no. 2523"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}