{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:09.839Z",
  "title": "HS4 2105 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 2105 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 2105",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "2105",
  "parentHs2": "21",
  "subsectorName": "Ice cream and other edible ice",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "2105",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 6204368120.282541,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 5816710156.673564,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 5385314065.886507,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 4605163609.435764,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 6.889299579254082,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 7.694282919072415,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 5.621927272546912,
    "historical_peak_usd": 6204368120.282541,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 4.330492446925982,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.2673723067071707,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 585.6582425334085,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 360.34260843909516,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.5124734288856299,
    "active_corridor_count": 3459,
    "active_exporter_count": 151,
    "active_importer_count": 199,
    "active_hs6_count": 1,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 6204368120.282541,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 1866421374.8777447,
    "topFiveSharePct": 9.150553347940164,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 128680933.95080118,
      "cagr3": 2.376404698963497,
      "cagr5": 7.896202355325732,
      "cagr10": 7.330803094756022,
      "share": 2.0740377014402744,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 264,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 132213100.85668318,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.671571034182771,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 6.889299579254082,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 7.694282919072415,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 5.621927272546912,
    "latestYoyPct": 4.330492446925982,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 6204368120.282541,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 585.6582425334085,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 360.34260843909516,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5124734288856299,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "France to Belgium leads the reported HS4 2105 routes with $128.7M in 2024 and +2.4% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $6.2B in latest reported trade, with +6.9% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 128680933.95080118,
      "cagr3": 2.376404698963497,
      "cagr5": 7.896202355325732,
      "cagr10": 7.330803094756022,
      "share": 2.0740377014402744,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 264,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 132213100.85668318,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.671571034182771,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 124747790.3923011,
      "cagr3": 15.475042747427858,
      "cagr5": 9.849120283414559,
      "cagr10": 5.951823412773893,
      "share": 2.0106445648266953,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 127750334.2508305,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.3503217241170424,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 120971676.9267988,
      "cagr3": 2.1722040230338857,
      "cagr5": -0.6646178167182382,
      "cagr10": 2.9261755227040886,
      "share": 1.9497823884971202,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 653,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 144148973.18769968,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.078710620242283,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Poland",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 102402770.8244767,
      "cagr3": 11.861162115089474,
      "cagr5": 11.900432223914281,
      "cagr10": 14.601932281971862,
      "share": 1.650494761742367,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04544072754526749,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01044495665218107,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 102402770.8244767,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 90930842.65466852,
      "cagr3": 1.795608309031116,
      "cagr5": 0.4361791007981175,
      "cagr10": 1.5944649944019007,
      "share": 1.4655939314337076,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 358,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 96919481.98687792,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.178984048862544,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "PRT",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "Portugal",
      "value": 90809045.6234808,
      "cagr3": 19.04938259094111,
      "cagr5": 16.070388863205487,
      "cagr10": 11.78684069514977,
      "share": 1.463630846252002,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 504,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 90809045.6234808,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 83747121.73926225,
      "cagr3": 12.508705237040418,
      "cagr5": 8.030074100009799,
      "cagr10": 4.066561746105357,
      "share": 1.349809039626238,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 83747121.73926225,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 82968907.71526504,
      "cagr3": 14.970538915589703,
      "cagr5": 8.976907590047478,
      "cagr10": 4.927072554811929,
      "share": 1.3372660375201384,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 82968907.71526504,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 74774110.16239063,
      "cagr3": 14.269302739060773,
      "cagr5": 3.285234489703992,
      "cagr10": 6.234720709069008,
      "share": 1.2051849392680054,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 935,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 74774110.16239063,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 74110267.60701694,
      "cagr3": 4.456971065021742,
      "cagr5": 9.507059338433654,
      "cagr10": 5.8176581090861434,
      "share": 1.1944853395262758,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 74110267.60701694,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "AUT",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Austria",
      "value": 73842257.76895635,
      "cagr3": 13.30253663311911,
      "cagr5": 8.082551216805989,
      "cagr10": 4.213549811786543,
      "share": 1.1901656435819872,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
      "distanceKm": 524,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 77371537.20750296,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.56146997452232,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 72510322.70734233,
      "cagr3": 17.53332256868594,
      "cagr5": 2.85541722486895,
      "cagr10": 2.1338788256419328,
      "share": 1.16869794476412,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 94170844.3580262,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.001303427134186,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 71867363.71339765,
      "cagr3": -3.4787818869599585,
      "cagr5": 2.1489037537912647,
      "cagr10": 2.838282657735891,
      "share": 1.158334939515563,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 344,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 90243616.43729067,
      "historicalPeakYear": 1999,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.362939174387453,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 68585178.42725702,
      "cagr3": 12.261538325397513,
      "cagr5": 3.72298179343431,
      "cagr10": 2.1230450501393605,
      "share": 1.10543373793452,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 68585178.42725702,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 68344272.14509548,
      "cagr3": 11.550862215893098,
      "cagr5": 3.4593335729646846,
      "cagr10": 0.47824104354670105,
      "share": 1.1015508883438585,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1053,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 74696674.30285017,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2010,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.504263699879747,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Poland",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 63534576.22966612,
      "cagr3": 17.466628060976962,
      "cagr5": 33.29145388558792,
      "cagr10": 28.573467081809568,
      "share": 1.0240297641586877,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04061878207569293,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.046104802155555555,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.010549614848771718,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.035555187306783836,
      "distanceKm": 1371,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 63534576.22966612,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 62046785.55347874,
      "cagr3": 16.496028727991273,
      "cagr5": 10.44210752359922,
      "cagr10": 7.4277688982932855,
      "share": 1.0000500349204486,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1053,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 62046785.55347874,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "LUX",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "Luxembourg",
      "value": 59924643.54264928,
      "cagr3": 429.30153505199706,
      "cagr5": 195.91558684573687,
      "cagr10": 94.12815817258459,
      "share": 0.9658460359041424,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 59924643.54264928,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 56187256.3898223,
      "cagr3": 9.643546886159871,
      "cagr5": 8.595106624089155,
      "cagr10": 5.340623683681356,
      "share": 0.9056080377652315,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 60673472.8896707,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.394032822228897,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 54072893.22598519,
      "cagr3": -4.109566269286757,
      "cagr5": 44.76918155767247,
      "cagr10": 30.899397007228657,
      "share": 0.8715294156904856,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 6907,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 61327287.80726168,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.82898321555565,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 53430651.93384874,
      "cagr3": -5.8515022966883485,
      "cagr5": -5.8918162233638105,
      "cagr10": 0.5641146126600161,
      "share": 0.8611779781276995,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 80431096.87301266,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.56965898624153,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "GBR",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "United Kingdom",
      "value": 48806077.01175428,
      "cagr3": 5.725083644961448,
      "cagr5": 12.131760669572667,
      "cagr10": 9.79535865146719,
      "share": 0.7866405742786858,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1435,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 48806077.01175428,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 47144817.00147198,
      "cagr3": -7.099105393959448,
      "cagr5": 1.1610507239642187,
      "cagr10": -1.9742815891005794,
      "share": 0.7598649223818952,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 264,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 107910460.29919624,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.31117051048003,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "IRL",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "Ireland",
      "value": 47062675.763015546,
      "cagr3": -1.6525089911703872,
      "cagr5": -5.66208466813356,
      "cagr10": -1.4089974821454132,
      "share": 0.7585409964499713,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
      "distanceKm": 463,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 70713704.28626421,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.446173923380165,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "ITA",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Italy",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 44918135.86754125,
      "cagr3": -2.550506123749585,
      "cagr5": 3.6660615014544096,
      "cagr10": -3.3310710195880944,
      "share": 0.7239759955683565,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1184,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 63030776.12981402,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.73618472501302,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "LUX",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "Luxembourg",
      "value": 59924643.54264928,
      "cagr3": 429.30153505199706,
      "cagr5": 195.91558684573687,
      "cagr10": 94.12815817258459,
      "share": 0.9658460359041424,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1280,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 59924643.54264928,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "PRT",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "Portugal",
      "value": 90809045.6234808,
      "cagr3": 19.04938259094111,
      "cagr5": 16.070388863205487,
      "cagr10": 11.78684069514977,
      "share": 1.463630846252002,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 504,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 90809045.6234808,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 72510322.70734233,
      "cagr3": 17.53332256868594,
      "cagr5": 2.85541722486895,
      "cagr10": 2.1338788256419328,
      "share": 1.16869794476412,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 881,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 94170844.3580262,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.001303427134186,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Poland",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 63534576.22966612,
      "cagr3": 17.466628060976962,
      "cagr5": 33.29145388558792,
      "cagr10": 28.573467081809568,
      "share": 1.0240297641586877,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04061878207569293,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.046104802155555555,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.010549614848771718,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.035555187306783836,
      "distanceKm": 1371,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 63534576.22966612,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 62046785.55347874,
      "cagr3": 16.496028727991273,
      "cagr5": 10.44210752359922,
      "cagr10": 7.4277688982932855,
      "share": 1.0000500349204486,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1053,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 62046785.55347874,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "BEL",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Belgium",
          "value": 128680933.95080118,
          "cagr3": 2.376404698963497,
          "cagr5": 7.896202355325732,
          "cagr10": 7.330803094756022,
          "share": 2.0740377014402744,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 264,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 132213100.85668318,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.671571034182771,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 124747790.3923011,
          "cagr3": 15.475042747427858,
          "cagr5": 9.849120283414559,
          "cagr10": 5.951823412773893,
          "share": 2.0106445648266953,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 174,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 127750334.2508305,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.3503217241170424,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 120971676.9267988,
          "cagr3": 2.1722040230338857,
          "cagr5": -0.6646178167182382,
          "cagr10": 2.9261755227040886,
          "share": 1.9497823884971202,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 653,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 144148973.18769968,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.078710620242283,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "POL",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Poland",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 102402770.8244767,
          "cagr3": 11.861162115089474,
          "cagr5": 11.900432223914281,
          "cagr10": 14.601932281971862,
          "share": 1.650494761742367,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03985311450096296,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04544072754526749,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01044495665218107,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03499577089308642,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 102402770.8244767,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 23,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 90930842.65466852,
          "cagr3": 1.795608309031116,
          "cagr5": 0.4361791007981175,
          "cagr10": 1.5944649944019007,
          "share": 1.4655939314337076,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 358,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 96919481.98687792,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.178984048862544,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "ESP",
          "importerIso3": "PRT",
          "exporterName": "Spain",
          "importerName": "Portugal",
          "value": 90809045.6234808,
          "cagr3": 19.04938259094111,
          "cagr5": 16.070388863205487,
          "cagr10": 11.78684069514977,
          "share": 1.463630846252002,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 504,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 90809045.6234808,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 83747121.73926225,
          "cagr3": 12.508705237040418,
          "cagr5": 8.030074100009799,
          "cagr10": 4.066561746105357,
          "share": 1.349809039626238,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 83747121.73926225,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "BEL",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Belgium",
          "value": 82968907.71526504,
          "cagr3": 14.970538915589703,
          "cagr5": 8.976907590047478,
          "cagr10": 4.927072554811929,
          "share": 1.3372660375201384,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 174,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 82968907.71526504,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 74774110.16239063,
          "cagr3": 14.269302739060773,
          "cagr5": 3.285234489703992,
          "cagr10": 6.234720709069008,
          "share": 1.2051849392680054,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 935,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 74774110.16239063,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 74110267.60701694,
          "cagr3": 4.456971065021742,
          "cagr5": 9.507059338433654,
          "cagr10": 5.8176581090861434,
          "share": 1.1944853395262758,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 74110267.60701694,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "AUT",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Austria",
          "value": 73842257.76895635,
          "cagr3": 13.30253663311911,
          "cagr5": 8.082551216805989,
          "cagr10": 4.213549811786543,
          "share": 1.1901656435819872,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04880302040329218,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04880302040329218,
          "distanceKm": 524,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 77371537.20750296,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 4.56146997452232,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 72510322.70734233,
          "cagr3": 17.53332256868594,
          "cagr5": 2.85541722486895,
          "cagr10": 2.1338788256419328,
          "share": 1.16869794476412,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 94170844.3580262,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.001303427134186,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 71867363.71339765,
          "cagr3": -3.4787818869599585,
          "cagr5": 2.1489037537912647,
          "cagr10": 2.838282657735891,
          "share": 1.158334939515563,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 344,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 90243616.43729067,
          "historicalPeakYear": 1999,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.362939174387453,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 68585178.42725702,
          "cagr3": 12.261538325397513,
          "cagr5": 3.72298179343431,
          "cagr10": 2.1230450501393605,
          "share": 1.10543373793452,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 68585178.42725702,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 68344272.14509548,
          "cagr3": 11.550862215893098,
          "cagr5": 3.4593335729646846,
          "cagr10": 0.47824104354670105,
          "share": 1.1015508883438585,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1053,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 74696674.30285017,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2010,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.504263699879747,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "POL",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Poland",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 63534576.22966612,
          "cagr3": 17.466628060976962,
          "cagr5": 33.29145388558792,
          "cagr10": 28.573467081809568,
          "share": 1.0240297641586877,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04061878207569293,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.046104802155555555,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.010549614848771718,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.035555187306783836,
          "distanceKm": 1371,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 63534576.22966612,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 23,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "ESP",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Spain",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 62046785.55347874,
          "cagr3": 16.496028727991273,
          "cagr5": 10.44210752359922,
          "cagr10": 7.4277688982932855,
          "share": 1.0000500349204486,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1053,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 62046785.55347874,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "ESP",
          "importerIso3": "LUX",
          "exporterName": "Spain",
          "importerName": "Luxembourg",
          "value": 59924643.54264928,
          "cagr3": 429.30153505199706,
          "cagr5": 195.91558684573687,
          "cagr10": 94.12815817258459,
          "share": 0.9658460359041424,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1280,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 59924643.54264928,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 56187256.3898223,
          "cagr3": 9.643546886159871,
          "cagr5": 8.595106624089155,
          "cagr10": 5.340623683681356,
          "share": 0.9056080377652315,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 60673472.8896707,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 7.394032822228897,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "FRA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "France",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 53430651.93384874,
          "cagr3": -5.8515022966883485,
          "cagr5": -5.8918162233638105,
          "cagr10": 0.5641146126600161,
          "share": 0.8611779781276995,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 881,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 80431096.87301266,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.56965898624153,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "GBR",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "United Kingdom",
          "value": 48806077.01175428,
          "cagr3": 5.725083644961448,
          "cagr5": 12.131760669572667,
          "cagr10": 9.79535865146719,
          "share": 0.7866405742786858,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1435,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 48806077.01175428,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 47144817.00147198,
          "cagr3": -7.099105393959448,
          "cagr5": 1.1610507239642187,
          "cagr10": -1.9742815891005794,
          "share": 0.7598649223818952,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 264,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 107910460.29919624,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.31117051048003,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "IRL",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "Ireland",
          "value": 47062675.763015546,
          "cagr3": -1.6525089911703872,
          "cagr5": -5.66208466813356,
          "cagr10": -1.4089974821454132,
          "share": 0.7585409964499713,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0007673828181818182,
          "distanceKm": 463,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 70713704.28626421,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2018,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.446173923380165,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 44918135.86754125,
          "cagr3": -2.550506123749585,
          "cagr5": 3.6660615014544096,
          "cagr10": -3.3310710195880944,
          "share": 0.7239759955683565,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1184,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 63030776.12981402,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 28.73618472501302,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        }
      ],
      "count": 24,
      "value": 1812348481.6517591,
      "averageCagr": 25.48266666099393,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.00942063936837107,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.010471067036147677
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "ITA",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Italy",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 54072893.22598519,
          "cagr3": -4.109566269286757,
          "cagr5": 44.76918155767247,
          "cagr10": 30.899397007228657,
          "share": 0.8715294156904856,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 6907,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 61327287.80726168,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 11.82898321555565,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        }
      ],
      "count": 1,
      "value": 54072893.22598519,
      "averageCagr": -4.109566269286757,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": null
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "FRA",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "France",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 128680933.95080118,
      "cagr3": 2.376404698963497,
      "cagr5": 7.896202355325732,
      "cagr10": 7.330803094756022,
      "share": 2.0740377014402744,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 264,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 132213100.85668318,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 2.671571034182771,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 83747121.73926225,
      "cagr3": 12.508705237040418,
      "cagr5": 8.030074100009799,
      "cagr10": 4.066561746105357,
      "share": 1.349809039626238,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 83747121.73926225,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 2105 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=2105",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/21"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Ice cream and other edible ice in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=2105",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/21",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/21",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=2105",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/2105",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/21",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/21",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}