{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:08.095Z",
  "title": "HS4 1518 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 1518 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 1518",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "1518",
  "parentHs2": "15",
  "subsectorName": "Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "1518",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 9893993457.686401,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 10183706856.327341,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 8561611755.142691,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 5664086166.595705,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": 9.24419857676575,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 22.554772169750304,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 15.139090179441993,
    "historical_peak_usd": 11097615656.344244,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.845772965382526,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 3.4989445256825125,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.894891602676243,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1110.4651776448202,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 1201.7037549424565,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 1.1704009311129138,
    "active_corridor_count": 2467,
    "active_exporter_count": 145,
    "active_importer_count": 185,
    "active_hs6_count": 1,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 9893993457.686401,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 5782247014.674857,
    "topFiveSharePct": 26.392860441981313,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1151830815.359895,
      "cagr3": 1064.6101502990896,
      "cagr5": 336.5017111580719,
      "cagr10": 79.14526357458654,
      "share": 11.641717980569977,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1151830815.359895,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 9.24419857676575,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 22.554772169750304,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 15.139090179441993,
    "latestYoyPct": 3.4989445256825125,
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 11097615656.344244,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 10.845772965382526,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1110.4651776448202,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1201.7037549424565,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 1.1704009311129138,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "China to USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands leads the reported HS4 1518 routes with $1.2B in 2024 and +1,064.6% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $9.9B in latest reported trade, with +9.2% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1151830815.359895,
      "cagr3": 1064.6101502990896,
      "cagr5": 336.5017111580719,
      "cagr10": 79.14526357458654,
      "share": 11.641717980569977,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1151830815.359895,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 591173716.777966,
      "cagr3": 32.916237521541134,
      "cagr5": 82.5649338423673,
      "cagr10": 102.28482927485408,
      "share": 5.9750768919166575,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.003564984112044444,
      "distanceKm": 3797,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 591173716.777966,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "MYS",
      "importerIso3": "SGP",
      "exporterName": "Malaysia",
      "importerName": "Singapore",
      "value": 313177395.18903285,
      "cagr3": 21.521216463599412,
      "cagr5": 39.82053743629144,
      "cagr10": 80.43863639126492,
      "share": 3.165328504899435,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.0035649841120444442,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0035649841120444442,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0035649841120444442,
      "distanceKm": 316,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 346616302.114967,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.647240110144327,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "MYS",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Malaysia",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 292373092.12396497,
      "cagr3": -4.657404145535271,
      "cagr5": 45.11664211322128,
      "cagr10": 100.9359513793457,
      "share": 2.9550564529313235,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019254715177181816,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016398549576199514,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04280558169248737,
      "distanceKm": 10195,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 440731655.4504411,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.6618805324635,
      "yearsWithData": 21,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "FIN",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Finland",
      "value": 262752865.9750747,
      "cagr3": -6.446187100579371,
      "cagr5": 17.64006332460548,
      "cagr10": 0.6634724650142143,
      "share": 2.6556806116639224,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03786010987878787,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.03786010987878787,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03786010987878787,
      "distanceKm": 1506,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 570355939.7964118,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.93177353971904,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 259428356.93376133,
      "cagr3": -11.502230244106816,
      "cagr5": 3.1074315436785405,
      "cagr10": 2.1768250040430814,
      "share": 2.6220793256358763,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 549143701.5225126,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.757655926037074,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "CAN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Canada",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 253499106.53828844,
      "cagr3": 37.633046196884614,
      "cagr5": 42.0873317493828,
      "cagr10": 43.7488300930271,
      "share": 2.562151548031914,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 304981010.6512983,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.88036379808314,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "MYS",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Malaysia",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 230920536.71222585,
      "cagr3": 98.55330569011127,
      "cagr5": 107.87297866941445,
      "cagr10": 44.80548211084523,
      "share": 2.333946729394988,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019254715177181816,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016398549576199514,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04280558169248737,
      "distanceKm": 11080,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 230920536.71222585,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 16,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "MYS",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Malaysia",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 221676033.46194947,
      "cagr3": 4487.200423580832,
      "cagr5": 1362.5143157276198,
      "cagr10": 100.12570672630132,
      "share": 2.240511219357385,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023562643374262626,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009496764080202018,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03724799055676768,
      "distanceKm": 15128,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 221676033.46194947,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 20,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 206901107.54060146,
      "cagr3": -24.288136182307973,
      "cagr5": 14.195457262877786,
      "cagr10": 44.86420783795051,
      "share": 2.0911789402879086,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019785718721303032,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01655754645517325,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042646584813513605,
      "distanceKm": 10277,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 612584104.774366,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 66.22486513638651,
      "yearsWithData": 20,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 205068620.63688073,
      "cagr3": 1.1687619884694689,
      "cagr5": 4.602629174944584,
      "cagr10": 38.22043960726298,
      "share": 2.072657734350612,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019785718721303032,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01655754645517325,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042646584813513605,
      "distanceKm": 8894,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 497529443.62401676,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 58.78261613158895,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 192400482.61066806,
      "cagr3": 20.207203406214802,
      "cagr5": 20.687171701838338,
      "cagr10": 17.273383652159534,
      "share": 1.944619060377454,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 192400482.61066806,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 189944198.22704005,
      "cagr3": 34.865951414905894,
      "cagr5": 16.646086332736232,
      "cagr10": 44.861606485639996,
      "share": 1.9197930445312459,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "distanceKm": 3737,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 189944198.22704005,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "DEU",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Germany",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 174738791.29611486,
      "cagr3": -1.769497055842939,
      "cagr5": 7.358824311343337,
      "cagr10": 2.616468252884019,
      "share": 1.76610983263148,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 249082943.71633136,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 29.847147022994676,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "BEL",
      "importerIso3": "FRA",
      "exporterName": "Belgium",
      "importerName": "France",
      "value": 160418978.78139848,
      "cagr3": 70.25146754682203,
      "cagr5": 68.48385351929973,
      "cagr10": 37.802513943023186,
      "share": 1.6213774495350295,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 264,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 160418978.78139848,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 149049650.65733674,
      "cagr3": 69.10954096262358,
      "cagr5": 133.73895557875647,
      "cagr10": 25.93209545786528,
      "share": 1.5064660320908512,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 1482,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 149049650.65733674,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "BEL",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Belgium",
      "value": 127205744.6076036,
      "cagr3": 20.405768010305824,
      "cagr5": 11.306759436353397,
      "cagr10": 15.422540980483813,
      "share": 1.2856865647993792,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 174,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 136313184.2860184,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.6812610431762565,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "ESP",
      "importerIso3": "SWE",
      "exporterName": "Spain",
      "importerName": "Sweden",
      "value": 114018761.81115405,
      "cagr3": 210.21385642774453,
      "cagr5": 484.1401269059197,
      "cagr10": 140.08766220322096,
      "share": 1.1524038528909242,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020748499880808083,
      "distanceKm": 2596,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 114018761.81115405,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 24,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "IDN",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Indonesia",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 109739422.82567972,
      "cagr3": -8.977930101761189,
      "cagr5": 4.98950565019487,
      "cagr10": 18.030211276553175,
      "share": 1.109151964724879,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.01924863798829293,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016375390997815674,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0428287402708712,
      "distanceKm": 11364,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 145519954.23419598,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 24.5880584534352,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 106765521.99008898,
      "cagr3": 657.3038731301936,
      "cagr5": 287.2336568692069,
      "cagr10": 49.53272503546533,
      "share": 1.0790943257309866,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5585,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 106765521.99008898,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "IDN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "Indonesia",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 97781439.97300264,
      "cagr3": -13.016385293247623,
      "cagr5": 54.29817682971327,
      "cagr10": 59.35584829555933,
      "share": 0.9882909301606485,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09170595297929295,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0903750768671515,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04353490033486869,
      "distanceKm": 1182,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 148574430.62848783,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.18689907854581,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "POL",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Poland",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 96610658.44186532,
      "cagr3": 21.63540337276142,
      "cagr5": 25.718633270851665,
      "cagr10": 22.035144645215098,
      "share": 0.976457674598631,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04544072754526749,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01044495665218107,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "distanceKm": 518,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 96610658.44186532,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "SWE",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Sweden",
      "value": 93789423.02605179,
      "cagr3": 58.39816300049232,
      "cagr5": 3.0819588983113766,
      "cagr10": 45.3570236919294,
      "share": 0.9479430467299236,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020748499880808083,
      "distanceKm": 1128,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 121810031.31492181,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.003530978845973,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "IDN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Indonesia",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 92631368.94842109,
      "cagr3": 753.3733697805711,
      "cagr5": 275.9263987674543,
      "cagr10": 180.69174235831093,
      "share": 0.9362384293518816,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023632242597595957,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009761490402262624,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036983264234707075,
      "distanceKm": 16181,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 92631368.94842109,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 27,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 88350924.22878933,
      "cagr3": 2931.7545693498655,
      "cagr5": 527.7697999935998,
      "cagr10": 117.6226529798405,
      "share": 0.8929753653733383,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 88350924.22878933,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "MYS",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Malaysia",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 221676033.46194947,
      "cagr3": 4487.200423580832,
      "cagr5": 1362.5143157276198,
      "cagr10": 100.12570672630132,
      "share": 2.240511219357385,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023562643374262626,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009496764080202018,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03724799055676768,
      "distanceKm": 15128,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 221676033.46194947,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 20,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "KOR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 88350924.22878933,
      "cagr3": 2931.7545693498655,
      "cagr5": 527.7697999935998,
      "cagr10": 117.6226529798405,
      "share": 0.8929753653733383,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 88350924.22878933,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 1151830815.359895,
      "cagr3": 1064.6101502990896,
      "cagr5": 336.5017111580719,
      "cagr10": 79.14526357458654,
      "share": 11.641717980569977,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 11883,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1151830815.359895,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "IDN",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "Indonesia",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 92631368.94842109,
      "cagr3": 753.3733697805711,
      "cagr5": 275.9263987674543,
      "cagr10": 180.69174235831093,
      "share": 0.9362384293518816,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.023632242597595957,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009761490402262624,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036983264234707075,
      "distanceKm": 16181,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 92631368.94842109,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 27,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "GBR",
      "importerIso3": "USA",
      "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
      "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "value": 106765521.99008898,
      "cagr3": 657.3038731301936,
      "cagr5": 287.2336568692069,
      "cagr10": 49.53272503546533,
      "share": 1.0790943257309866,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 5585,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 106765521.99008898,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "SGP",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Singapore",
          "value": 591173716.777966,
          "cagr3": 32.916237521541134,
          "cagr5": 82.5649338423673,
          "cagr10": 102.28482927485408,
          "share": 5.9750768919166575,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.003564984112044444,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.003564984112044444,
          "distanceKm": 3797,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 591173716.777966,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 25,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "MYS",
          "importerIso3": "SGP",
          "exporterName": "Malaysia",
          "importerName": "Singapore",
          "value": 313177395.18903285,
          "cagr3": 21.521216463599412,
          "cagr5": 39.82053743629144,
          "cagr10": 80.43863639126492,
          "share": 3.165328504899435,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.0035649841120444442,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0035649841120444442,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0035649841120444442,
          "distanceKm": 316,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 346616302.114967,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.647240110144327,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "FIN",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Finland",
          "value": 262752865.9750747,
          "cagr3": -6.446187100579371,
          "cagr5": 17.64006332460548,
          "cagr10": 0.6634724650142143,
          "share": 2.6556806116639224,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03786010987878787,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.03786010987878787,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03786010987878787,
          "distanceKm": 1506,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 570355939.7964118,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 53.93177353971904,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 259428356.93376133,
          "cagr3": -11.502230244106816,
          "cagr5": 3.1074315436785405,
          "cagr10": 2.1768250040430814,
          "share": 2.6220793256358763,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 549143701.5225126,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.757655926037074,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "CAN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Canada",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 253499106.53828844,
          "cagr3": 37.633046196884614,
          "cagr5": 42.0873317493828,
          "cagr10": 43.7488300930271,
          "share": 2.562151548031914,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.022607953013134546,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.02283901769554344,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.023905736941426253,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 304981010.6512983,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 16.88036379808314,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 192400482.61066806,
          "cagr3": 20.207203406214802,
          "cagr5": 20.687171701838338,
          "cagr10": 17.273383652159534,
          "share": 1.944619060377454,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 174,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 192400482.61066806,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "MYS",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Malaysia",
          "value": 189944198.22704005,
          "cagr3": 34.865951414905894,
          "cagr5": 16.646086332736232,
          "cagr10": 44.861606485639996,
          "share": 1.9197930445312459,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
          "distanceKm": 3737,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 189944198.22704005,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "DEU",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Germany",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 174738791.29611486,
          "cagr3": -1.769497055842939,
          "cagr5": 7.358824311343337,
          "cagr10": 2.616468252884019,
          "share": 1.76610983263148,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 579,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 249082943.71633136,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 29.847147022994676,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "BEL",
          "importerIso3": "FRA",
          "exporterName": "Belgium",
          "importerName": "France",
          "value": 160418978.78139848,
          "cagr3": 70.25146754682203,
          "cagr5": 68.48385351929973,
          "cagr10": 37.802513943023186,
          "share": 1.6213774495350295,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 264,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 160418978.78139848,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 149049650.65733674,
          "cagr3": 69.10954096262358,
          "cagr5": 133.73895557875647,
          "cagr10": 25.93209545786528,
          "share": 1.5064660320908512,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 1482,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 149049650.65733674,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "BEL",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Belgium",
          "value": 127205744.6076036,
          "cagr3": 20.405768010305824,
          "cagr5": 11.306759436353397,
          "cagr10": 15.422540980483813,
          "share": 1.2856865647993792,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
          "distanceKm": 174,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 136313184.2860184,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.6812610431762565,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "ESP",
          "importerIso3": "SWE",
          "exporterName": "Spain",
          "importerName": "Sweden",
          "value": 114018761.81115405,
          "cagr3": 210.21385642774453,
          "cagr5": 484.1401269059197,
          "cagr10": 140.08766220322096,
          "share": 1.1524038528909242,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020748499880808083,
          "distanceKm": 2596,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 114018761.81115405,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 24,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "IDN",
          "importerIso3": "MYS",
          "exporterName": "Indonesia",
          "importerName": "Malaysia",
          "value": 97781439.97300264,
          "cagr3": -13.016385293247623,
          "cagr5": 54.29817682971327,
          "cagr10": 59.35584829555933,
          "share": 0.9882909301606485,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09170595297929295,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0903750768671515,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04353490033486869,
          "distanceKm": 1182,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 148574430.62848783,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 34.18689907854581,
          "yearsWithData": 29,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "POL",
          "importerIso3": "DEU",
          "exporterName": "Poland",
          "importerName": "Germany",
          "value": 96610658.44186532,
          "cagr3": 21.63540337276142,
          "cagr5": 25.718633270851665,
          "cagr10": 22.035144645215098,
          "share": 0.976457674598631,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.03985311450096296,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04544072754526749,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01044495665218107,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03499577089308642,
          "distanceKm": 518,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 96610658.44186532,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "NLD",
          "importerIso3": "SWE",
          "exporterName": "Netherlands",
          "importerName": "Sweden",
          "value": 93789423.02605179,
          "cagr3": 58.39816300049232,
          "cagr5": 3.0819588983113766,
          "cagr10": 45.3570236919294,
          "share": 0.9479430467299236,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.020748499880808083,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.020748499880808083,
          "distanceKm": 1128,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 121810031.31492181,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 23.003530978845973,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "KOR",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Republic of Korea",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 88350924.22878933,
          "cagr3": 2931.7545693498655,
          "cagr5": 527.7697999935998,
          "cagr10": 117.6226529798405,
          "share": 0.8929753653733383,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04295669226020202,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.00844243749080808,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03830231714616161,
          "distanceKm": 11077,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 88350924.22878933,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 25,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 16,
      "value": 3164340495.0751476,
      "averageCagr": 218.51113274874902,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.025638131613882863,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.017712295575519916
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 1151830815.359895,
          "cagr3": 1064.6101502990896,
          "cagr5": 336.5017111580719,
          "cagr10": 79.14526357458654,
          "share": 11.641717980569977,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 11883,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1151830815.359895,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 29,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "MYS",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Malaysia",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 292373092.12396497,
          "cagr3": -4.657404145535271,
          "cagr5": 45.11664211322128,
          "cagr10": 100.9359513793457,
          "share": 2.9550564529313235,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019254715177181816,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016398549576199514,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04280558169248737,
          "distanceKm": 10195,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 440731655.4504411,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 33.6618805324635,
          "yearsWithData": 21,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "MYS",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Malaysia",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 230920536.71222585,
          "cagr3": 98.55330569011127,
          "cagr5": 107.87297866941445,
          "cagr10": 44.80548211084523,
          "share": 2.333946729394988,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019254715177181816,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868688,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016398549576199514,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.04280558169248737,
          "distanceKm": 11080,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 230920536.71222585,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 16,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "MYS",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Malaysia",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 221676033.46194947,
          "cagr3": 4487.200423580832,
          "cagr5": 1362.5143157276198,
          "cagr10": 100.12570672630132,
          "share": 2.240511219357385,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.023562643374262626,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009496764080202018,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.03724799055676768,
          "distanceKm": 15128,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 221676033.46194947,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 20,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 206901107.54060146,
          "cagr3": -24.288136182307973,
          "cagr5": 14.195457262877786,
          "cagr10": 44.86420783795051,
          "share": 2.0911789402879086,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019785718721303032,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01655754645517325,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042646584813513605,
          "distanceKm": 10277,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 612584104.774366,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 66.22486513638651,
          "yearsWithData": 20,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "CHN",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "China",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 205068620.63688073,
          "cagr3": 1.1687619884694689,
          "cagr5": 4.602629174944584,
          "cagr10": 38.22043960726298,
          "share": 2.072657734350612,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019785718721303032,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868686,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.01655754645517325,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.042646584813513605,
          "distanceKm": 8894,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 497529443.62401676,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 58.78261613158895,
          "yearsWithData": 25,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "IDN",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Indonesia",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 109739422.82567972,
          "cagr3": -8.977930101761189,
          "cagr5": 4.98950565019487,
          "cagr10": 18.030211276553175,
          "share": 1.109151964724879,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.01924863798829293,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.05920413126868687,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016375390997815674,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.0428287402708712,
          "distanceKm": 11364,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 145519954.23419598,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 24.5880584534352,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "GBR",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "United Kingdom",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 106765521.99008898,
          "cagr3": 657.3038731301936,
          "cagr5": 287.2336568692069,
          "cagr10": 49.53272503546533,
          "share": 1.0790943257309866,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04674475463696969,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 5585,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 106765521.99008898,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "IDN",
          "importerIso3": "USA",
          "exporterName": "Indonesia",
          "importerName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "value": 92631368.94842109,
          "cagr3": 753.3733697805711,
          "cagr5": 275.9263987674543,
          "cagr10": 180.69174235831093,
          "share": 0.9362384293518816,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.023632242597595957,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.0467447546369697,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.009761490402262624,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.036983264234707075,
          "distanceKm": 16181,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 92631368.94842109,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 27,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 9,
      "value": 2617906519.599707,
      "averageCagr": 780.476268226629,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.026445989003451173,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.041137761153478274
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "NLD",
      "importerIso3": "DEU",
      "exporterName": "Netherlands",
      "importerName": "Germany",
      "value": 259428356.93376133,
      "cagr3": -11.502230244106816,
      "cagr5": 3.1074315436785405,
      "cagr10": 2.1768250040430814,
      "share": 2.6220793256358763,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0,
      "distanceKm": 579,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 549143701.5225126,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.757655926037074,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "CHN",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "China",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 189944198.22704005,
      "cagr3": 34.865951414905894,
      "cagr5": 16.646086332736232,
      "cagr10": 44.861606485639996,
      "share": 1.9197930445312459,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "distanceKm": 3737,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 189944198.22704005,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 1518 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=1518",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/15"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=1518",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/15",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/15",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=1518",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1518",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/15",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/15",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}