{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Vegetable oils (HS4 1512) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for vegetable oils at HS4 1512, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1512",
  "publisher": {
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1512/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1512/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1512/index.json",
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  },
  "internalLinks": {
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "1512",
    "name": "Vegetable oils"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The vegetable oils subsector recorded $19.1B in reported global trade in 2024, with +20.2% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 19078409196.627235,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 20.242563241051062,
    "activeExporters": 154,
    "activeImporters": 194,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.1533234175374014,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 10.643099402782674,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 22142239517.87939,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 62.06896551724138,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1923.7333410278175,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 919.7910584155636,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.7301670481928517
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2409721365.1780467,
      "corridor_count": 1594,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2185722026.0324507,
      "corridor_count": 1611,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2458108906.3318496,
      "corridor_count": 1623,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2629082924.6810145,
      "corridor_count": 1600,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2242303281.333415,
      "corridor_count": 1743,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 1512,
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      "corridor_count": 2004,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 1666570714.5815074,
      "corridor_count": 1930,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2033348388.8555615,
      "corridor_count": 1941,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2515563864.0124345,
      "corridor_count": 1998,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 2764467634.0933456,
      "corridor_count": 2212,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "corridor_count": 2204,
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      "year": 2006,
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      "corridor_count": 2287,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2007,
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      "global_trade_usd": 4829761403.733577,
      "corridor_count": 2370,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2008,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2009,
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      "global_trade_usd": 5987608230.091053,
      "corridor_count": 2649,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 6331652771.975646,
      "corridor_count": 2547,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 9401439808.731438,
      "corridor_count": 2698,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
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      "year": 2012,
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      "corridor_count": 2806,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 10317542693.75748,
      "corridor_count": 2881,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "corridor_count": 3092,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
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      "year": 2015,
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      "global_trade_usd": 8835273889.779861,
      "corridor_count": 3000,
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      "year": 2016,
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      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 1512,
      "global_trade_usd": 11074334611.339552,
      "corridor_count": 3167,
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    },
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      "year": 2018,
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      "year": 2019,
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      "year": 2020,
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      "year": 2021,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "151211",
      "product_name": "Vegetable oils: sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, crude, not chemically modified"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "151219",
      "product_name": "Vegetable oils: sunflower seed or safflower oil and their fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "151221",
      "product_name": "Vegetable oils: cotton-seed oil and its fractions: crude, whether or not gossypol has been removed, not chemically modified"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "151229",
      "product_name": "Vegetable oils: cotton-seed oil and its fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}