{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Liquorice roots used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insec... (HS4 1211) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for liquorice roots used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insec... at HS4 1211, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
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    "sameAs": [
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    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1211/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1211/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1211/index.json",
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    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "1211",
    "name": "Liquorice roots used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insec..."
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The liquorice roots used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insec... subsector recorded $4.6B in reported global trade in 2024, with +29.6% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 4586783678.55049,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 29.629972413342813,
    "activeExporters": 192,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 5
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  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 6.604912241297645,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 7.381794114997597,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 4586783678.55049,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 58.62068965517241,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3339.4139751811367,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 3957.760191529788,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4570347343102576
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      "hs4": 1211,
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      "year": 1999,
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      "year": 2000,
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      "year": 2001,
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      "year": 2002,
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      "year": 2018,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Viet Nam"
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      "corridor_rank": 9,
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      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
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      "exports_latest_usd": 75359940.42659463,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 61173683.47317354,
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      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.460429018029307,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 21.1585617343377,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.904634240764043,
      "historical_peak_usd": 75359940.42659463,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 57.72509325972839,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.5557947772652643,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 5786,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.018971697826111113,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0587826368271605,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.016473747314205263,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.042308889512955236,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "India",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
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      "hs4": 1211,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "MEX",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
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      "latest_data_year": 2024,
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      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 60582608.00803187,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 59534643.95689957,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 52076884.81558766,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.400647888960019,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.3620012017061365,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.373464961800912,
      "historical_peak_usd": 67557323.3913737,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 13.21517647563002,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.9728170728408934,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3359,
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      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03143133432052091,
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      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "country_name": "Canada"
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "EGY",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 143197889.00075015,
      "export_partner_count": 133,
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      "country_name": "Egypt"
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      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 106968600.50062858,
      "export_partner_count": 99,
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      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Nigeria"
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
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      "exports_usd": 107339791.74731039,
      "imports_usd": 106510088.95213027,
      "trade_balance_usd": 829702.7951801121,
      "export_partner_count": 117,
      "import_partner_count": 79,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Poland"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "VNM",
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      "imports_usd": 92474007.32653591,
      "trade_balance_usd": 14725627.085844278,
      "export_partner_count": 79,
      "import_partner_count": 42,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Viet Nam"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
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      "imports_usd": 120171649.35530218,
      "trade_balance_usd": -17916216.535013974,
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      "import_partner_count": 89,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Spain"
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      "export_partner_count": 131,
      "import_partner_count": 125,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
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      "export_partner_count": 116,
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      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
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      "imports_usd": 338659067.66982657,
      "trade_balance_usd": -332954357.7915402,
      "export_partner_count": 48,
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      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUS",
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      "imports_usd": 175293546.51270533,
      "trade_balance_usd": -140335898.2263261,
      "export_partner_count": 53,
      "import_partner_count": 88,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Australia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -133543689.06706938,
      "export_partner_count": 60,
      "import_partner_count": 54,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 1211,
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      "imports_usd": 152128652.9207227,
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      "export_partner_count": 134,
      "import_partner_count": 147,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs4": 1211,
      "exports_usd": 91498337.60093303,
      "imports_usd": 139399016.4215055,
      "trade_balance_usd": -47900678.82057248,
      "export_partner_count": 75,
      "import_partner_count": 88,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "HKG",
      "hs4": 1211,
      "exports_usd": 20394962.853151627,
      "imports_usd": 137560134.0266637,
      "trade_balance_usd": -117165171.17351207,
      "export_partner_count": 49,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 3,
      "country_name": "China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 1211,
      "exports_usd": 13988685.584981538,
      "imports_usd": 133574194.27837661,
      "trade_balance_usd": -119585508.69339508,
      "export_partner_count": 102,
      "import_partner_count": 115,
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "121110",
      "product_name": "Liquorice roots used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes: fresh or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "121120",
      "product_name": "Ginseng roots, used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes: fresh or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "121130",
      "product_name": "Coca leaf: used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh or dried, whether or not crushed or powdered"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "121140",
      "product_name": "Poppy straw: used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh or dried, whether or not crushed or powdered"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "121150",
      "product_name": "Ephedra, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "121160",
      "product_name": "Bark of African cherry (Prunus africana): of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "121190",
      "product_name": "Plants and parts (including seeds and fruits) n.e.c. in heading no. 1211, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}