{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Cereal groats and meal (HS4 1103) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for cereal groats and meal at HS4 1103, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1103",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1103/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1103/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1103/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1103/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "1103",
    "name": "Cereal groats and meal"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The cereal groats and meal subsector recorded $1.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with -7.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1458898045.711537,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -7.4515978139451935,
    "activeExporters": 154,
    "activeImporters": 195,
    "activeHs6Products": 4
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 2.4415563613068514,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 6.7604038861699856,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1582625943.228953,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1490.8997268615278,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1154.3597586922806,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.43680578380017265
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 448971682.96435124,
      "corridor_count": 1369,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 421290888.14494056,
      "corridor_count": 1372,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 415413029.95079017,
      "corridor_count": 1394,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 391841384.4153328,
      "corridor_count": 1441,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 388932095.48431575,
      "corridor_count": 1527,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 364952254.8885522,
      "corridor_count": 1784,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 403810757.6642888,
      "corridor_count": 1842,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 453439369.6970339,
      "corridor_count": 1815,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 483187304.6758068,
      "corridor_count": 1860,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 575572213.9717631,
      "corridor_count": 1972,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 558590486.5250934,
      "corridor_count": 2082,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 583740078.7498512,
      "corridor_count": 2057,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 787098799.2223058,
      "corridor_count": 2129,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1170529189.7148495,
      "corridor_count": 2187,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 986842843.6535132,
      "corridor_count": 2357,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 880189219.8242663,
      "corridor_count": 2333,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1146361266.3704605,
      "corridor_count": 2411,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1126362979.1172745,
      "corridor_count": 2536,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1249732165.6433241,
      "corridor_count": 2586,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1268530052.8659766,
      "corridor_count": 2715,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1085900762.6233003,
      "corridor_count": 2789,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1075925990.6416173,
      "corridor_count": 2812,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1057433664.8001279,
      "corridor_count": 2778,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1054372549.3894262,
      "corridor_count": 2757,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1051898660.353909,
      "corridor_count": 2845,
      "active_hs6_count": 4
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 1103,
      "global_trade_usd": 1270784477.3984973,
      "corridor_count": 2951,
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    },
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      "year": 2021,
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      "corridor_count": 3008,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "corridor_count": 3060,
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    },
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      "year": 2023,
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      "year": 2024,
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 4860,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "France",
      "importer_name": "CÃ´te d\\'Ivoire"
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      "exporter_name": "Turkey",
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 47205990.62268584,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Hungary"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 5173091.087528594,
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      "active_hs6_count": 4,
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      "export_partner_count": 92,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -111817774.00679572,
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    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": -44324882.50963062,
      "export_partner_count": 13,
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      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 45069247.645315476,
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      "export_partner_count": 53,
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      "country_name": "Belgium"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 42426484.70980868,
      "trade_balance_usd": -12488009.116072364,
      "export_partner_count": 27,
      "import_partner_count": 8,
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "110311",
      "product_name": "Cereal groats and meal: of wheat"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110312",
      "product_name": "Cereal groats and meal: of oats"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110313",
      "product_name": "Cereal groats and meal: of maize (corn)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110314",
      "product_name": "Cereal groats and meal: of rice"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110319",
      "product_name": "Cereal groats and meal: n.e.c. in heading no. 1103"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110320",
      "product_name": "Cereal pellets"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110321",
      "product_name": "Cereal pellets: of wheat"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110329",
      "product_name": "Cereal pellets: of cereals other than wheat"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}