{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Cereal flour (HS4 1102) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for cereal flour at HS4 1102, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1102",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1102/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1102/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1102/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1102/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "1102",
    "name": "Cereal flour"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The cereal flour subsector recorded $1.6B in reported global trade in 2024, with +2.6% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1562246039.03861,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 2.6179700764023877,
    "activeExporters": 166,
    "activeImporters": 199,
    "activeHs6Products": 2
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 9.308842432560116,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 8.844747856621261,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1562246039.03861,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 72.41379310344827,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 976.8809001071429,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 753.0524838276609,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.6068437945706543
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  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 181003275.446278,
      "corridor_count": 1423,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 232012132.63217896,
      "corridor_count": 1504,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 218373729.73592517,
      "corridor_count": 1542,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 197906626.88168496,
      "corridor_count": 1559,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 206276261.35898215,
      "corridor_count": 1692,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 225612634.07942885,
      "corridor_count": 2087,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 239880407.63251454,
      "corridor_count": 2151,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 281462413.7138817,
      "corridor_count": 2249,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 277495864.82567376,
      "corridor_count": 2295,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 351932678.2269907,
      "corridor_count": 2500,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 358012522.5742936,
      "corridor_count": 2575,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 392301464.26389384,
      "corridor_count": 2559,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 529418033.1285199,
      "corridor_count": 2672,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 644846960.5991292,
      "corridor_count": 2788,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 615519261.9649107,
      "corridor_count": 2960,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 614627806.8800442,
      "corridor_count": 2962,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 826595164.3441994,
      "corridor_count": 3009,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 806155497.9673232,
      "corridor_count": 3171,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 818550108.7762928,
      "corridor_count": 3251,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 865428585.7783394,
      "corridor_count": 3421,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 822920393.8856345,
      "corridor_count": 3482,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 870019015.288484,
      "corridor_count": 3539,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 973578201.375796,
      "corridor_count": 3614,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 1060411039.5875767,
      "corridor_count": 3656,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 1022614729.7482693,
      "corridor_count": 3738,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 1169418515.7131655,
      "corridor_count": 3928,
      "active_hs6_count": 2
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 1102,
      "global_trade_usd": 1196144221.6464818,
      "corridor_count": 4110,
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    },
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      "year": 2022,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2
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      "year": 2023,
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      "corridor_count": 4087,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1562246039.03861,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "exporter_name": "South Africa",
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.3245315999290463,
      "historical_peak_usd": 22665486.78123801,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 6.885655871215909,
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      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
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      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1177,
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      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09030441878800002,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13390997720202022,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.09032420998949493,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Thailand",
      "importer_name": "Malaysia"
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
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  ],
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      "active_hs6_count": 2,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 63144600.35359294,
      "export_partner_count": 60,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "South Africa"
    },
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      "export_partner_count": 89,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 47541612.75183397,
      "export_partner_count": 36,
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      "country_name": "Colombia"
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      "export_partner_count": 121,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -49557381.27625154,
      "export_partner_count": 82,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    },
    {
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      "country_iso3": "CAN",
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      "trade_balance_usd": -39292792.82407966,
      "export_partner_count": 52,
      "import_partner_count": 98,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Canada"
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      "imports_usd": 57454350.99855449,
      "trade_balance_usd": 37302679.05997684,
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      "export_partner_count": 91,
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      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 51029134.73058132,
      "trade_balance_usd": 393260.3283311203,
      "export_partner_count": 120,
      "import_partner_count": 102,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 49390370.374532804,
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      "export_partner_count": 9,
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      "country_name": "Democratic Republic of the Congo"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SSD",
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      "imports_usd": 47995723.888,
      "trade_balance_usd": -47505185.48727707,
      "export_partner_count": 1,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "South Sudan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 6036938.675369658,
      "export_partner_count": 89,
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      "active_hs6_count": 2,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "BEL",
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      "imports_usd": 35966384.78135932,
      "trade_balance_usd": 2189068.74762962,
      "export_partner_count": 92,
      "import_partner_count": 60,
      "active_hs6_count": 2,
      "country_name": "Belgium"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "110210",
      "product_name": "Cereal flour: of rye"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110220",
      "product_name": "Cereal flour: of maize (corn)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110230",
      "product_name": "Cereal flour: of rice"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "110290",
      "product_name": "Cereal flours: n.e.s. in heading no. 1102"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}