{
  "template": "T9",
  "canonicalTemplate": "TS-HS4-CORRIDOR-09-SUBSECTOR-TOP-CORRIDORS",
  "templateName": "HS4 Subsector Top Trade Corridors",
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector top trade corridors",
  "source": "api",
  "robots": "index, follow",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T10:23:05.391Z",
  "title": "HS4 1005 top trade corridors | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Explore reported HS4 1005 trade corridors: leading exporter-to-importer routes, value, growth, market share, access, tariffs, and distance context.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005/corridors",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "branding": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "logo": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/yugalinks-logo-v3-dark-mode.webp",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-28",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-28"
      }
    ]
  },
  "breadcrumbs": [
    {
      "name": "Home",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/"
    },
    {
      "name": "HS4 1005",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005"
    },
    {
      "name": "Corridors",
      "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005/corridors"
    }
  ],
  "hs4": "1005",
  "parentHs2": "10",
  "subsectorName": "Cereals",
  "overview": {
    "hs4": "1005",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "years_with_data": 30,
    "latest_trade_usd": 50125254885.38749,
    "trade_avg_3y_usd": 58389252379.566956,
    "trade_avg_5y_usd": 53798175358.74192,
    "trade_avg_10y_usd": 43356584509.87398,
    "trade_cagr_3y_pct": -3.2749712145995646,
    "trade_cagr_5y_pct": 6.253674874018977,
    "trade_cagr_10y_pct": 3.826255690967506,
    "historical_peak_usd": 67046828777.67311,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "latest_below_peak_pct": 25.238440356959252,
    "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -9.34103066391292,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.101226905567071,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "exporter_concentration_hhi": 1280.8549460236145,
    "importer_concentration_hhi": 399.32066854966274,
    "trade_volatility_cv": 0.6063888362405078,
    "active_corridor_count": 3582,
    "active_exporter_count": 160,
    "active_importer_count": 200,
    "active_hs6_count": 2,
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "summary": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 50125254885.38749,
    "corridorsShown": 25,
    "displayedRouteValueUsd": 26962661797.542854,
    "topFiveSharePct": 25.555244969542475,
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "leadingCorridor": {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 5669646472.969848,
      "cagr3": 4.577223707490541,
      "cagr5": 14.93439272004695,
      "cagr10": 9.121294278130643,
      "share": 11.310957891253862,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 5669646472.969848,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    }
  },
  "indicators": {
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -3.2749712145995646,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 6.253674874018977,
    "tradeCagr10yPct": 3.826255690967506,
    "latestYoyPct": -9.34103066391292,
    "trendLabel": "Declining",
    "historicalPeakUsd": 67046828777.67311,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "latestBelowPeakPct": 25.238440356959252,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1280.8549460236145,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 399.32066854966274,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.6063888362405078,
    "yearsWithData": 30
  },
  "answer": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands to Mexico leads the reported HS4 1005 routes with $5.7B in 2024 and +4.6% calculated three-year growth. The HS4 subsector recorded $50.1B in latest reported trade, with -3.3% calculated three-year growth.",
  "corridors": [
    {
      "rank": 1,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "MEX",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Mexico",
      "value": 5669646472.969848,
      "cagr3": 4.577223707490541,
      "cagr5": 14.93439272004695,
      "cagr10": 9.121294278130643,
      "share": 11.310957891253862,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
      "distanceKm": 3359,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 5669646472.969848,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 2,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 2782273394.3234725,
      "cagr3": -4.171016689179363,
      "cagr5": 5.606168296591352,
      "cagr10": -0.19435227241330066,
      "share": 5.550641888375835,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.04055785931159596,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.040602244382303025,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.028737436999999994,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.011864807382303031,
      "distanceKm": 10872,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 4453200653.513213,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 37.52193959352617,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 3,
      "exporterIso3": "ARE",
      "importerIso3": "IRN",
      "exporterName": "United Arab Emirates",
      "importerName": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
      "value": 1466968467.3755503,
      "cagr3": -2.1452077011856585,
      "cagr5": 93.97026126328547,
      "cagr10": 30.556892819738856,
      "share": 2.9266055020165114,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5704679814121213,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5704679814121213,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 1214,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1597430072.246119,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.166968128196618,
      "yearsWithData": 28,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 4,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "COL",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Colombia",
      "value": 1459228277.7802262,
      "cagr3": 10.67572844774698,
      "cagr5": 16.1795558187251,
      "cagr10": 5.550987477703928,
      "share": 2.9111638057836995,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09774962992828284,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.10063467751111113,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.018425700199030302,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.08220897731208082,
      "distanceKm": 3999,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1459228277.7802262,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 5,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 1431515065.1192348,
      "cagr3": -2.4900889760728018,
      "cagr5": 2.506185090462032,
      "cagr10": 31.352798949988923,
      "share": 2.8558758821125716,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16964,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1577274771.2406495,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.241237403852171,
      "yearsWithData": 26,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 6,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "EGY",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Egypt",
      "value": 1062977868.459264,
      "cagr3": 16.089293384600722,
      "cagr5": 13.731080883348268,
      "cagr10": 15.481633350320113,
      "share": 2.1206433182031423,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3350335312707071,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3373637314060606,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.12495092614545461,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.21241280526060596,
      "distanceKm": 10212,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1233994558.43768,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.858788015640409,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 1061792233.8196931,
      "cagr3": 8324.66383750262,
      "cagr5": 188.03026009316818,
      "cagr10": 83.29701332264392,
      "share": 2.118277974341486,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3646485520.0111313,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 70.88176470212744,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 8,
      "exporterIso3": "UKR",
      "importerIso3": "ESP",
      "exporterName": "Ukraine",
      "importerName": "Spain",
      "value": 946277058.7335435,
      "cagr3": 18.612519109850535,
      "cagr5": 7.202337669744474,
      "cagr10": 6.419593439622218,
      "share": 1.8878249315584072,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.020931186810076635,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04883497429885057,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0185581930502177,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.030276781248632874,
      "distanceKm": 2869,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 946277058.7335435,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 887658622.2458667,
      "cagr3": 48.022421898625225,
      "cagr5": 5.030291615880089,
      "cagr10": 3.6421383578908673,
      "share": 1.7708810145215577,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16863,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1114986150.0085027,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.38837233636512,
      "yearsWithData": 17,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 10,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "PER",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Peru",
      "value": 856212645.7478178,
      "cagr3": 4.595760452638098,
      "cagr5": 13.845408037878482,
      "cagr10": 20.58936540428906,
      "share": 1.7081462183196217,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13435890104242426,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.13561971103797982,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0007718370505636363,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13484787398741618,
      "distanceKm": 3130,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 935171979.4861922,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.443295508250447,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 11,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "IRN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
      "value": 776995482.2287518,
      "cagr3": 8.926861874692605,
      "cagr5": -0.5400794183826108,
      "cagr10": 0.49740300198806153,
      "share": 1.550107792978548,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12196,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1636128067.3060927,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.51010616130524,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 12,
      "exporterIso3": "UKR",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Ukraine",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 775121069.9477811,
      "cagr3": -27.08714568878684,
      "cagr5": 0.4075164086924987,
      "cagr10": 10.47006702014015,
      "share": 1.5463683361214076,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1675117538735632,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1675117538735632,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 7466,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1999664988.9602752,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 61.23745356211868,
      "yearsWithData": 14,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 13,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "MYS",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Malaysia",
      "value": 695981571.5135568,
      "cagr3": -0.8898370436873804,
      "cagr5": 13.093089461878126,
      "cagr10": 8.542023260289188,
      "share": 1.3884848528051064,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 15964,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 743841791.82548,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.434193512368837,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 14,
      "exporterIso3": "UKR",
      "importerIso3": "EGY",
      "exporterName": "Ukraine",
      "importerName": "Egypt",
      "value": 660063510.6186882,
      "cagr3": 6.7476585627433305,
      "cagr5": 2.3513509963132284,
      "cagr10": 4.645968745405482,
      "share": 1.3168282378372702,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.27951913190038313,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.27951913190038313,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 2267,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 783223153.4635407,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.724719360021522,
      "yearsWithData": 27,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 15,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 656833892.6802113,
      "cagr3": -16.74743402195341,
      "cagr5": 3.6374049318513846,
      "cagr10": 18.761735790782797,
      "share": 1.3103851425435675,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.14526160713131317,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.18432050728686866,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.038317882646464574,
      "distanceKm": 19433,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1512946556.2110462,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.585783550401416,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 653270550.9774299,
      "cagr3": 28.84791802322113,
      "cagr5": 0.6848970375234131,
      "cagr10": 6.408053250698176,
      "share": 1.3032762675644194,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.14526169501212124,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.14600262464040403,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.18432060338383835,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.03831797874343432,
      "distanceKm": 18338,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 971361180.1971112,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 32.74689535720725,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 17,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 650270995.9823403,
      "cagr3": -7.319763498994569,
      "cagr5": 7.618803637112337,
      "cagr10": -5.700677844777902,
      "share": 1.2972921483774984,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.13638997290262628,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.03054120138397575,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.11546142325642833,
      "distanceKm": 11077,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 2281725246.8755236,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.5009071809681,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 18,
      "exporterIso3": "USA",
      "importerIso3": "CAN",
      "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
      "importerName": "Canada",
      "value": 637667812.8115915,
      "cagr3": -7.837888223271527,
      "cagr5": 4.560779204632537,
      "cagr10": 5.830938913048267,
      "share": 1.2721487686588988,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
      "distanceKm": 556,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1452664282.690112,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.10356636354216,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Declining"
    },
    {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 625030253.2889613,
      "cagr3": 9.608366317191642,
      "cagr5": -9.07868650386634,
      "cagr10": 9.341730834217143,
      "share": 1.246936808038397,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019319998499095353,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483469051008084,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.024118775331294955,
      "distanceKm": 18530,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1699204600.0960174,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 63.216304072291074,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 20,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "DZA",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Algeria",
      "value": 582741104.5286285,
      "cagr3": 5.255297540693316,
      "cagr5": 0.2956159946702952,
      "cagr10": -1.4316638916118785,
      "share": 1.162569857970955,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.24188185610101007,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.24188185610101007,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 10143,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 673133799.7004733,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.428637101875912,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "UKR",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Ukraine",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 573716157.9236337,
      "cagr3": 35.92640614621154,
      "cagr5": 7.400959763193482,
      "cagr10": 54.17684054611236,
      "share": 1.144565068517753,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08509784162337167,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09616517090804597,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.030098806165134103,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06606636474291186,
      "distanceKm": 1055,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 573716157.9236337,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 22,
      "exporterIso3": "UKR",
      "importerIso3": "NLD",
      "exporterName": "Ukraine",
      "importerName": "Netherlands",
      "value": 553874480.6102934,
      "cagr3": -0.22840249665975199,
      "cagr5": -3.8253121363913567,
      "cagr10": 6.075620240851554,
      "share": 1.1049808761606095,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.020931186810076628,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04883497429885057,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0185581930502177,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.030276781248632874,
      "distanceKm": 1787,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 673143146.4612451,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.718172795482566,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Stable"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "ZAF",
      "importerIso3": "ZWE",
      "exporterName": "South Africa",
      "importerName": "Zimbabwe",
      "value": 515170032.3188356,
      "cagr3": 93.50964033118494,
      "cagr5": 121.46929055514151,
      "cagr10": 20.750991850275334,
      "share": 1.0277654118603154,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3076144048474747,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3358645131030303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.007897666462424239,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.32796684664060605,
      "distanceKm": 978,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 515170032.3188356,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 24,
      "exporterIso3": "ARG",
      "importerIso3": "SAU",
      "exporterName": "Argentina",
      "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
      "value": 504284511.90625834,
      "cagr3": 5.22748139100544,
      "cagr5": 5.911707841101865,
      "cagr10": 9.920130580998187,
      "share": 1.0060487733365469,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 12852,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 734592255.8488939,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.351779454371215,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    {
      "rank": 25,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "TWN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Taiwan",
      "value": 477090263.6313826,
      "cagr3": 20.146991206907792,
      "cagr5": -0.6096973923143123,
      "cagr10": 5.002417989168295,
      "share": 0.9517961848219227,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": null,
      "mfnTariffPct": null,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18812,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 630362342.8019549,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 24.314916796786953,
      "yearsWithData": 20,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "growthLeaders": [
    {
      "rank": 7,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "CHN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "China",
      "value": 1061792233.8196931,
      "cagr3": 8324.66383750262,
      "cagr5": 188.03026009316818,
      "cagr10": 83.29701332264392,
      "share": 2.118277974341486,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 18570,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 3646485520.0111313,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 70.88176470212744,
      "yearsWithData": 23,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "ZAF",
      "importerIso3": "ZWE",
      "exporterName": "South Africa",
      "importerName": "Zimbabwe",
      "value": 515170032.3188356,
      "cagr3": 93.50964033118494,
      "cagr5": 121.46929055514151,
      "cagr10": 20.750991850275334,
      "share": 1.0277654118603154,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3076144048474747,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3358645131030303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.007897666462424239,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.32796684664060605,
      "distanceKm": 978,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 515170032.3188356,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 9,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "VNM",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Viet Nam",
      "value": 887658622.2458667,
      "cagr3": 48.022421898625225,
      "cagr5": 5.030291615880089,
      "cagr10": 3.6421383578908673,
      "share": 1.7708810145215577,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
      "preferentialTariffPct": null,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
      "distanceKm": 16863,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1114986150.0085027,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.38837233636512,
      "yearsWithData": 17,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 21,
      "exporterIso3": "UKR",
      "importerIso3": "TUR",
      "exporterName": "Ukraine",
      "importerName": "Turkey",
      "value": 573716157.9236337,
      "cagr3": 35.92640614621154,
      "cagr5": 7.400959763193482,
      "cagr10": 54.17684054611236,
      "share": 1.144565068517753,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.08509784162337167,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.09616517090804597,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.030098806165134103,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06606636474291186,
      "distanceKm": 1055,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 573716157.9236337,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 29,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    },
    {
      "rank": 16,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "KOR",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
      "value": 653270550.9774299,
      "cagr3": 28.84791802322113,
      "cagr5": 0.6848970375234131,
      "cagr10": 6.408053250698176,
      "share": 1.3032762675644194,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.14526169501212124,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.14600262464040403,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.18432060338383835,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.03831797874343432,
      "distanceKm": 18338,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 971361180.1971112,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 32.74689535720725,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  ],
  "accessComparison": [
    {
      "label": "FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 1,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "MEX",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Mexico",
          "value": 5669646472.969848,
          "cagr3": 4.577223707490541,
          "cagr5": 14.93439272004695,
          "cagr10": 9.121294278130643,
          "share": 11.310957891253862,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09682042786095757,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1360029642040404,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.004818716757840405,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.1311842474462,
          "distanceKm": 3359,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 5669646472.969848,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 4,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "COL",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Colombia",
          "value": 1459228277.7802262,
          "cagr3": 10.67572844774698,
          "cagr5": 16.1795558187251,
          "cagr10": 5.550987477703928,
          "share": 2.9111638057836995,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09774962992828284,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.10063467751111113,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.018425700199030302,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.08220897731208082,
          "distanceKm": 3999,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1459228277.7802262,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 6,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "EGY",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Egypt",
          "value": 1062977868.459264,
          "cagr3": 16.089293384600722,
          "cagr5": 13.731080883348268,
          "cagr10": 15.481633350320113,
          "share": 2.1206433182031423,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3350335312707071,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3373637314060606,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.12495092614545461,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.21241280526060596,
          "distanceKm": 10212,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1233994558.43768,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.858788015640409,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 8,
          "exporterIso3": "UKR",
          "importerIso3": "ESP",
          "exporterName": "Ukraine",
          "importerName": "Spain",
          "value": 946277058.7335435,
          "cagr3": 18.612519109850535,
          "cagr5": 7.202337669744474,
          "cagr10": 6.419593439622218,
          "share": 1.8878249315584072,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.020931186810076635,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04883497429885057,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0185581930502177,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.030276781248632874,
          "distanceKm": 2869,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 946277058.7335435,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 25,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 17,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 650270995.9823403,
          "cagr3": -7.319763498994569,
          "cagr5": 7.618803637112337,
          "cagr10": -5.700677844777902,
          "share": 1.2972921483774984,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13638997290262628,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.03054120138397575,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.11546142325642833,
          "distanceKm": 11077,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 2281725246.8755236,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 71.5009071809681,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 18,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "CAN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Canada",
          "value": 637667812.8115915,
          "cagr3": -7.837888223271527,
          "cagr5": 4.560779204632537,
          "cagr10": 5.830938913048267,
          "share": 1.2721487686588988,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.045807528214990095,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.07513050048545458,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.043961979603501,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.031168520881953585,
          "distanceKm": 556,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1452664282.690112,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.10356636354216,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 22,
          "exporterIso3": "UKR",
          "importerIso3": "NLD",
          "exporterName": "Ukraine",
          "importerName": "Netherlands",
          "value": 553874480.6102934,
          "cagr3": -0.22840249665975199,
          "cagr5": -3.8253121363913567,
          "cagr10": 6.075620240851554,
          "share": 1.1049808761606095,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.020931186810076628,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04883497429885057,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0185581930502177,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.030276781248632874,
          "distanceKm": 1787,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 673143146.4612451,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2019,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 17.718172795482566,
          "yearsWithData": 23,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 23,
          "exporterIso3": "ZAF",
          "importerIso3": "ZWE",
          "exporterName": "South Africa",
          "importerName": "Zimbabwe",
          "value": 515170032.3188356,
          "cagr3": 93.50964033118494,
          "cagr5": 121.46929055514151,
          "cagr10": 20.750991850275334,
          "share": 1.0277654118603154,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": true,
          "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3076144048474747,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3358645131030303,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.007897666462424239,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.32796684664060605,
          "distanceKm": 978,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 515170032.3188356,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 25,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 8,
      "value": 11495112999.665943,
      "averageCagr": 16.009793845243486,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.13265973358064898,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.12011954791189255
    },
    {
      "label": "No FTA reported",
      "rows": [
        {
          "rank": 2,
          "exporterIso3": "USA",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 2782273394.3234725,
          "cagr3": -4.171016689179363,
          "cagr5": 5.606168296591352,
          "cagr10": -0.19435227241330066,
          "share": 5.550641888375835,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.04055785931159596,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.040602244382303025,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.028737436999999994,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.011864807382303031,
          "distanceKm": 10872,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 4453200653.513213,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 37.52193959352617,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Declining"
        },
        {
          "rank": 3,
          "exporterIso3": "ARE",
          "importerIso3": "IRN",
          "exporterName": "United Arab Emirates",
          "importerName": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
          "value": 1466968467.3755503,
          "cagr3": -2.1452077011856585,
          "cagr5": 93.97026126328547,
          "cagr10": 30.556892819738856,
          "share": 2.9266055020165114,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5704679814121213,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5704679814121213,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 1214,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1597430072.246119,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.166968128196618,
          "yearsWithData": 28,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 5,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 1431515065.1192348,
          "cagr3": -2.4900889760728018,
          "cagr5": 2.506185090462032,
          "cagr10": 31.352798949988923,
          "share": 2.8558758821125716,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 16964,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1577274771.2406495,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 9.241237403852171,
          "yearsWithData": 26,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 7,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 1061792233.8196931,
          "cagr3": 8324.66383750262,
          "cagr5": 188.03026009316818,
          "cagr10": 83.29701332264392,
          "share": 2.118277974341486,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.3018987556787879,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 18570,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 3646485520.0111313,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 70.88176470212744,
          "yearsWithData": 23,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 9,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "VNM",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Viet Nam",
          "value": 887658622.2458667,
          "cagr3": 48.022421898625225,
          "cagr5": 5.030291615880089,
          "cagr10": 3.6421383578908673,
          "share": 1.7708810145215577,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1590585759782609,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 16863,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1114986150.0085027,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 20.38837233636512,
          "yearsWithData": 17,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 10,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "PER",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Peru",
          "value": 856212645.7478178,
          "cagr3": 4.595760452638098,
          "cagr5": 13.845408037878482,
          "cagr10": 20.58936540428906,
          "share": 1.7081462183196217,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.13435890104242426,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.13561971103797982,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.0007718370505636363,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.13484787398741618,
          "distanceKm": 3130,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 935171979.4861922,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 8.443295508250447,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 11,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "IRN",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)",
          "value": 776995482.2287518,
          "cagr3": 8.926861874692605,
          "cagr5": -0.5400794183826108,
          "cagr10": 0.49740300198806153,
          "share": 1.550107792978548,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.5704679814121214,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12196,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1636128067.3060927,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 52.51010616130524,
          "yearsWithData": 29,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 12,
          "exporterIso3": "UKR",
          "importerIso3": "CHN",
          "exporterName": "Ukraine",
          "importerName": "China",
          "value": 775121069.9477811,
          "cagr3": -27.08714568878684,
          "cagr5": 0.4075164086924987,
          "cagr10": 10.47006702014015,
          "share": 1.5463683361214076,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1675117538735632,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1675117538735632,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 7466,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1999664988.9602752,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 61.23745356211868,
          "yearsWithData": 14,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 13,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "MYS",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Malaysia",
          "value": 695981571.5135568,
          "cagr3": -0.8898370436873804,
          "cagr5": 13.093089461878126,
          "cagr10": 8.542023260289188,
          "share": 1.3884848528051064,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1339099772020202,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 15964,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 743841791.82548,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 6.434193512368837,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Stable"
        },
        {
          "rank": 14,
          "exporterIso3": "UKR",
          "importerIso3": "EGY",
          "exporterName": "Ukraine",
          "importerName": "Egypt",
          "value": 660063510.6186882,
          "cagr3": 6.7476585627433305,
          "cagr5": 2.3513509963132284,
          "cagr10": 4.645968745405482,
          "share": 1.3168282378372702,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.27951913190038313,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.27951913190038313,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 2267,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 783223153.4635407,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 15.724719360021522,
          "yearsWithData": 27,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 15,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 656833892.6802113,
          "cagr3": -16.74743402195341,
          "cagr5": 3.6374049318513846,
          "cagr10": 18.761735790782797,
          "share": 1.3103851425435675,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.14526160713131317,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.1460026246404041,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.18432050728686866,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.038317882646464574,
          "distanceKm": 19433,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1512946556.2110462,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 56.585783550401416,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid decline"
        },
        {
          "rank": 16,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "KOR",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Republic of Korea",
          "value": 653270550.9774299,
          "cagr3": 28.84791802322113,
          "cagr5": 0.6848970375234131,
          "cagr10": 6.408053250698176,
          "share": 1.3032762675644194,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.14526169501212124,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.14600262464040403,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.18432060338383835,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": -0.03831797874343432,
          "distanceKm": 18338,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 971361180.1971112,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2013,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 32.74689535720725,
          "yearsWithData": 25,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 19,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "JPN",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Japan",
          "value": 625030253.2889613,
          "cagr3": 9.608366317191642,
          "cagr5": -9.07868650386634,
          "cagr10": 9.341730834217143,
          "share": 1.246936808038397,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.019319998499095353,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483469051008084,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.024118775331294955,
          "distanceKm": 18530,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 1699204600.0960174,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 63.216304072291074,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 20,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "DZA",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Algeria",
          "value": 582741104.5286285,
          "cagr3": 5.255297540693316,
          "cagr5": 0.2956159946702952,
          "cagr10": -1.4316638916118785,
          "share": 1.162569857970955,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.24188185610101007,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.24188185610101007,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 10143,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 673133799.7004733,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2014,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 13.428637101875912,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 21,
          "exporterIso3": "UKR",
          "importerIso3": "TUR",
          "exporterName": "Ukraine",
          "importerName": "Turkey",
          "value": 573716157.9236337,
          "cagr3": 35.92640614621154,
          "cagr5": 7.400959763193482,
          "cagr10": 54.17684054611236,
          "share": 1.144565068517753,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.08509784162337167,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09616517090804597,
          "preferentialTariffPct": 0.030098806165134103,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.06606636474291186,
          "distanceKm": 1055,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 573716157.9236337,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
          "yearsWithData": 29,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        },
        {
          "rank": 24,
          "exporterIso3": "ARG",
          "importerIso3": "SAU",
          "exporterName": "Argentina",
          "importerName": "Saudi Arabia",
          "value": 504284511.90625834,
          "cagr3": 5.22748139100544,
          "cagr5": 5.911707841101865,
          "cagr10": 9.920130580998187,
          "share": 1.0060487733365469,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": 0.09920948249898988,
          "mfnTariffPct": 0.09920948249898988,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 12852,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 734592255.8488939,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 31.351779454371215,
          "yearsWithData": 30,
          "trendLabel": "Growing"
        },
        {
          "rank": 25,
          "exporterIso3": "BRA",
          "importerIso3": "TWN",
          "exporterName": "Brazil",
          "importerName": "Taiwan",
          "value": 477090263.6313826,
          "cagr3": 20.146991206907792,
          "cagr5": -0.6096973923143123,
          "cagr10": 5.002417989168295,
          "share": 0.9517961848219227,
          "ftaKnown": true,
          "hasFta": false,
          "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
          "appliedTariffPct": null,
          "mfnTariffPct": null,
          "preferentialTariffPct": null,
          "tariffAdvantagePp": null,
          "distanceKm": 18812,
          "historicalPeakUsd": 630362342.8019549,
          "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
          "latestBelowPeakPct": 24.314916796786953,
          "yearsWithData": 20,
          "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
        }
      ],
      "count": 17,
      "value": 15467548797.87692,
      "averageCagr": 496.7316629879812,
      "averageAppliedTariffPct": 0.20330262341596503,
      "averageTariffAdvantagePp": 0.026710326675671192
    }
  ],
  "tariffHighlights": {
    "lowestApplied": {
      "rank": 19,
      "exporterIso3": "BRA",
      "importerIso3": "JPN",
      "exporterName": "Brazil",
      "importerName": "Japan",
      "value": 625030253.2889613,
      "cagr3": 9.608366317191642,
      "cagr5": -9.07868650386634,
      "cagr10": 9.341730834217143,
      "share": 1.246936808038397,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": false,
      "accessLabel": "No FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.019319998499095353,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.04060224438230304,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.016483469051008084,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.024118775331294955,
      "distanceKm": 18530,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 1699204600.0960174,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 63.216304072291074,
      "yearsWithData": 30,
      "trendLabel": "Growing"
    },
    "largestAdvantage": {
      "rank": 23,
      "exporterIso3": "ZAF",
      "importerIso3": "ZWE",
      "exporterName": "South Africa",
      "importerName": "Zimbabwe",
      "value": 515170032.3188356,
      "cagr3": 93.50964033118494,
      "cagr5": 121.46929055514151,
      "cagr10": 20.750991850275334,
      "share": 1.0277654118603154,
      "ftaKnown": true,
      "hasFta": true,
      "accessLabel": "FTA reported",
      "appliedTariffPct": 0.3076144048474747,
      "mfnTariffPct": 0.3358645131030303,
      "preferentialTariffPct": 0.007897666462424239,
      "tariffAdvantagePp": 0.32796684664060605,
      "distanceKm": 978,
      "historicalPeakUsd": 515170032.3188356,
      "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
      "latestBelowPeakPct": 0,
      "yearsWithData": 25,
      "trendLabel": "Rapid growth"
    }
  },
  "cta": {
    "label": "Open HS4 1005 workspace",
    "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=1005",
    "supportingLinks": [
      {
        "label": "Read the HS4 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the parent HS2 overview",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/10"
      },
      {
        "label": "Review data sources",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources"
      },
      {
        "label": "Check data coverage",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read the methodology",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
      },
      {
        "label": "Read Responsible AI principles",
        "href": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
      }
    ],
    "context": "Continue researching Cereals in Yugalinks."
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=1005",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/10",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/10",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005/corridors",
    "htmlFile": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005/corridors/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005/corridors/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005/corridors/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005/corridors/index.ld.json",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app?hs=1005",
    "hs4Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1005",
    "hs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/10",
    "parentHs2Overview": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/10",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}