{ "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview", "source": "api", "title": "Cereals (HS4 1003) Trade Overview | Yugalinks", "description": "Review reported global trade for cereals at HS4 1003, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.", "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1003", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks", "sameAs": [ "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" ] }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-27", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-27" } ] }, "links": { "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1003/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1003/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1003/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/1003/index.ld.json", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "internalLinks": { "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app", "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai" }, "subsector": { "hs4": "1003", "name": "Cereals" }, "coverage": { "firstDataYear": 1995, "latestDataYear": 2024, "yearsWithData": 30, "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09" }, "answer": "The cereals subsector recorded $10.0B in reported global trade in 2024, with -15.1% annual change.", "keyFigures": { "latestTradeUsd": 10024158688.133615, "latestAnnualChangePct": -15.100788608530731, "activeExporters": 117, "activeImporters": 180, "activeHs6Products": 2 }, "growthAndStructure": { "trendLabel": "Declining", "tradeCagr3yPct": -3.984656968710143, "tradeCagr5yPct": 6.33675052573206, "historicalPeakUsd": 11857303934.479279, "historicalPeakYear": 2023, "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 48.275862068965516, "exporterConcentrationHhi": 905.2895903222229, "importerConcentrationHhi": 964.3746911276072, "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4899180008219351 }, "annualRows": [ { "year": 1995, "hs4": 1003, 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-544865575.3375273, "export_partner_count": 6, "import_partner_count": 17, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "BEL", "hs4": 1003, "exports_usd": 31548487.439037815, "imports_usd": 454015020.85724974, "trade_balance_usd": -422466533.41821194, "export_partner_count": 30, "import_partner_count": 26, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Belgium" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "DEU", "hs4": 1003, "exports_usd": 738795889.6729875, "imports_usd": 368596328.835345, "trade_balance_usd": 370199560.8376425, "export_partner_count": 75, "import_partner_count": 53, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Germany" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs4": 1003, "exports_usd": 23588873.36909004, "imports_usd": 337143775.5950869, "trade_balance_usd": -313554902.22599685, "export_partner_count": 24, "import_partner_count": 26, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Spain" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "JPN", "hs4": 1003, "exports_usd": 51579.94235034756, "imports_usd": 312748772.49938244, "trade_balance_usd": -312697192.5570321, "export_partner_count": 25, "import_partner_count": 10, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Japan" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "TUN", "hs4": 1003, "exports_usd": 251109.9775873517, "imports_usd": 291881050.75266296, "trade_balance_usd": -291629940.7750756, "export_partner_count": 5, "import_partner_count": 15, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Tunisia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "BRA", "hs4": 1003, "exports_usd": 1086596.7624046302, "imports_usd": 271176030.6924602, "trade_balance_usd": -270089433.93005556, "export_partner_count": 22, "import_partner_count": 5, "active_hs6_count": 2, "country_name": "Brazil" } ], "products": [ { "hs_code": "100300", "product_name": "Cereals: barley" }, { "hs_code": "100310", "product_name": "Cereals: barley, seed" }, { "hs_code": "100390", "product_name": "Cereals: barley, other than seed" } ], "methodology": { "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.", "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.", "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed." } }