{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Spices (HS4 0910) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for spices at HS4 0910, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/0910",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/0910/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/0910/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/0910/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/0910/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "0910",
    "name": "Spices"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The spices subsector recorded $3.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +13.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 3827040253.273964,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 13.47911153842253,
    "activeExporters": 188,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 6
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 2.417336943651116,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 5.793466770567601,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 3827040253.273964,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2024,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 72.41379310344827,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2282.1685080490583,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 549.1511690527217,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.6084522813153093
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 452376914.9443493,
      "corridor_count": 2969,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 531846467.34196454,
      "corridor_count": 3066,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 520188989.46224576,
      "corridor_count": 3013,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 493532968.5757137,
      "corridor_count": 3037,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 545451794.2377629,
      "corridor_count": 3297,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 618675240.9768807,
      "corridor_count": 4075,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 613523757.5630496,
      "corridor_count": 4233,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 658565511.7000146,
      "corridor_count": 4297,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 778191066.1178807,
      "corridor_count": 4450,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 995977282.3836985,
      "corridor_count": 4542,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 986382197.6073439,
      "corridor_count": 4702,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 996058851.361772,
      "corridor_count": 4766,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 1097038123.0662692,
      "corridor_count": 4892,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 1392612657.8023734,
      "corridor_count": 5059,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 1444267900.7992153,
      "corridor_count": 5212,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 1996810937.0790038,
      "corridor_count": 5349,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2173392100.8428645,
      "corridor_count": 5432,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 1901309709.0439181,
      "corridor_count": 5689,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2177569784.86298,
      "corridor_count": 5654,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2540755269.9411774,
      "corridor_count": 5942,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2365608798.8711634,
      "corridor_count": 5938,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2481907920.758873,
      "corridor_count": 6166,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2673404270.8572874,
      "corridor_count": 6275,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2865061059.211919,
      "corridor_count": 6359,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 2887811130.0991464,
      "corridor_count": 6505,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 3494558938.4046173,
      "corridor_count": 6878,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 3562399267.7983394,
      "corridor_count": 7205,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 3130379778.3165817,
      "corridor_count": 7052,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 3434294367.0778236,
      "corridor_count": 7056,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs4": 910,
      "global_trade_usd": 3827040253.273964,
      "corridor_count": 7066,
      "active_hs6_count": 6
    }
  ],
  "corridors": [
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "IND",
      "importer_iso3": "BGD",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 87114009.791,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 65312376.787,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 72317753.614,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 47117213.87491346,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.825811851149342,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 31.059143982113735,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.759836561201126,
      "historical_peak_usd": 90023518.402,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 3.231942788558421,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 42.47992716433091,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.934024710051784,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1427,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.6636591289795919,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.6725363404761904,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.1895668785464852,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.48296946192970514,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "India",
      "importer_name": "Bangladesh"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 77877282.950237,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 69137111.27300103,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 69956898.49430907,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 66324559.40349193,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.4543155245259083,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.991955972649629,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.1952855883805014,
      "historical_peak_usd": 87828227.68582107,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 11.33000744496469,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 8.620757586340911,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.64960111290641,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11883,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 3,
      "exporter_iso3": "IDN",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 75044479.2571139,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 58891212.027275,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 47275157.9943795,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 32634158.461864334,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 30.097795638155734,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 27.64651566087235,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.593814581210093,
      "historical_peak_usd": 75044479.2571139,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 28.96444846742987,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 17.50398105694564,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 4,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 7353,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Indonesia",
      "importer_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 73940725.40310962,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 74301762.70279151,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 76197802.53861502,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 72169408.26472038,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.62892569182749,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.21176770201021267,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.373562792940075,
      "historical_peak_usd": 88604629.33481246,
      "historical_peak_year": 2011,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 16.54981691339398,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -0.28072743491747154,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.255362898887415,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 1763,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019320016547984244,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04060224438230303,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.016483489491008082,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.02411875489129495,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 5,
      "exporter_iso3": "IND",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 70490425.69559655,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 63554444.531411014,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 69201948.16053759,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 61996308.003554545,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.7042923361970903,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.414264350236841,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.301093835369922,
      "historical_peak_usd": 78942221.9393146,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 10.706306506314482,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 19.19030546242917,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.005386171567013,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11771,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.023682824094060608,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.00971059566840404,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.037034158968565656,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "India",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "IND",
      "importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 69087591.88912444,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 53301654.60092244,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 47933653.84896927,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35564312.70189299,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.00148907772347,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 26.271990797252307,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.961818739887752,
      "historical_peak_usd": 69087591.88912444,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 68.76941122567845,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -0.9603296621642823,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 2204,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545451,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545451,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "India",
      "importer_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 60485603.77924794,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 41267757.81176834,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 48949500.26248131,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40934507.41861821,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.870172480681977,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.15218428822826,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.3322128465842242,
      "historical_peak_usd": 66970867.02566495,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 9.68370805761211,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 78.86047383976201,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.537959634097753,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8894,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019785718721303032,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.05920413126868686,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.01655754645517325,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.042646584813513605,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "MYS",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 55178124.5740183,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 46481700.30913911,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 79476561.15774654,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 56384265.45174682,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -21.842802762731928,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.554096110811722,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.3492906298156147,
      "historical_peak_usd": 142363742.08470672,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 61.24144830276575,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 19.38742778678495,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.19209339254754,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 3737,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1265993152040404,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1339099772020202,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.07773905117373738,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05617092602828282,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 55089193.909958676,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 39653695.914728574,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 33773512.49388808,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 30228468.290603183,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 32.638057094626085,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 21.440091017661665,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.1710331816468078,
      "historical_peak_usd": 61976046.08867823,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 11.112119299875193,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 26.95757308453841,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 33.80909027627289,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 6430,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545452,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545452,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
    {
      "hs4": 910,
      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "first_data_year": 1995,
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "years_with_data": 30,
      "exports_latest_usd": 53779943.89274094,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 44876280.246987544,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 42863458.87541572,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 29462431.852669,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.751349608078797,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 24.481263018245958,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 16.30298844275584,
      "historical_peak_usd": 53779943.89274094,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 13.991842468103744,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.551638834677043,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "active_hs6_count": 5,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 5849,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.01720257843183151,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.0467447546369697,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.005160644672779796,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0415841099641899,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:37:48",
      "exporter_name": "Peru",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    }
  ],
  "exporters": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 754676800.142014,
      "imports_usd": 86816883.17873527,
      "trade_balance_usd": 667859916.9632788,
      "export_partner_count": 170,
      "import_partner_count": 59,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "China"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IND",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 661096806.965998,
      "imports_usd": 85518170.55617324,
      "trade_balance_usd": 575578636.4098248,
      "export_partner_count": 176,
      "import_partner_count": 56,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "India"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 189076502.87361747,
      "imports_usd": 214627906.82972875,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25551403.956111282,
      "export_partner_count": 132,
      "import_partner_count": 127,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 184210302.97826773,
      "imports_usd": 200867961.81931224,
      "trade_balance_usd": -16657658.841044515,
      "export_partner_count": 136,
      "import_partner_count": 112,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 154217375.63329387,
      "imports_usd": 36695859.18928901,
      "trade_balance_usd": 117521516.44400486,
      "export_partner_count": 165,
      "import_partner_count": 66,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Turkey"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 148863505.37847114,
      "imports_usd": 106576430.81822509,
      "trade_balance_usd": 42287074.56024605,
      "export_partner_count": 135,
      "import_partner_count": 89,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Spain"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ARE",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 122097822.6448254,
      "imports_usd": 169698410.62784094,
      "trade_balance_usd": -47600587.98301554,
      "export_partner_count": 123,
      "import_partner_count": 93,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "PER",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 116301509.65911506,
      "imports_usd": 2977048.493803483,
      "trade_balance_usd": 113324461.16531157,
      "export_partner_count": 85,
      "import_partner_count": 18,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Peru"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "IRN",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 107548620.50423667,
      "imports_usd": 37745210.19520454,
      "trade_balance_usd": 69803410.30903213,
      "export_partner_count": 81,
      "import_partner_count": 14,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Iran (Islamic Republic of)"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "THA",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 107034797.12872612,
      "imports_usd": 28305402.954889137,
      "trade_balance_usd": 78729394.17383699,
      "export_partner_count": 117,
      "import_partner_count": 55,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Thailand"
    }
  ],
  "importers": [
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "USA",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 58622086.747473404,
      "imports_usd": 443246401.1682779,
      "trade_balance_usd": -384624314.4208045,
      "export_partner_count": 141,
      "import_partner_count": 123,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SAU",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 33528303.642704852,
      "imports_usd": 232021920.0595618,
      "trade_balance_usd": -198493616.41685694,
      "export_partner_count": 59,
      "import_partner_count": 67,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 189076502.87361747,
      "imports_usd": 214627906.82972875,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25551403.956111282,
      "export_partner_count": 132,
      "import_partner_count": 127,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 184210302.97826773,
      "imports_usd": 200867961.81931224,
      "trade_balance_usd": -16657658.841044515,
      "export_partner_count": 136,
      "import_partner_count": 112,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ARE",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 122097822.6448254,
      "imports_usd": 169698410.62784094,
      "trade_balance_usd": -47600587.98301554,
      "export_partner_count": 123,
      "import_partner_count": 93,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 31648925.770535395,
      "imports_usd": 155482083.68300006,
      "trade_balance_usd": -123833157.91246466,
      "export_partner_count": 114,
      "import_partner_count": 117,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "BGD",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 22585465.927821774,
      "imports_usd": 147793989.46954253,
      "trade_balance_usd": -125208523.54172076,
      "export_partner_count": 50,
      "import_partner_count": 16,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Bangladesh"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 14895108.826335901,
      "imports_usd": 131556753.25320138,
      "trade_balance_usd": -116661644.42686547,
      "export_partner_count": 99,
      "import_partner_count": 50,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Japan"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CAN",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 8501200.540807202,
      "imports_usd": 113577862.42073014,
      "trade_balance_usd": -105076661.87992294,
      "export_partner_count": 80,
      "import_partner_count": 137,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "Canada"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "FRA",
      "hs4": 910,
      "exports_usd": 38872825.00015841,
      "imports_usd": 109421483.64193486,
      "trade_balance_usd": -70548658.64177644,
      "export_partner_count": 137,
      "import_partner_count": 143,
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "country_name": "France"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "091010",
      "product_name": "Spices: ginger"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091011",
      "product_name": "Spices: ginger, neither crushed nor ground"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091012",
      "product_name": "Spices: ginger, crushed or ground"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091020",
      "product_name": "Spices: saffron"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091030",
      "product_name": "Spices: turmeric (curcuma)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091040",
      "product_name": "Herbs: thyme, bay leaves"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091050",
      "product_name": "Curry"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091091",
      "product_name": "Spices: mixtures"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "091099",
      "product_name": "Spices: mixtures of 2 or more products of the same heading"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}