{
  "pageType": "HS4 subsector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Spices (HS4 0908) Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for spices at HS4 0908, including scale, trend, corridors, countries, and the HS6 products within this subsector.",
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    "sameAs": [
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  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/0908/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs4/0908/index.md",
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    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
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  "subsector": {
    "hs4": "0908",
    "name": "Spices"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:09"
  },
  "answer": "The spices subsector recorded $1.3B in reported global trade in 2024, with +5.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1296917927.5151246,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 5.707298538880849,
    "activeExporters": 146,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 6
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  "growthAndStructure": {
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    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.8240476726122408,
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    "historicalPeakYear": 2020,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 65.51724137931035,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3277.515121003778,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1346.913590573344,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.7109622951670684
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "090810",
      "product_name": "Spices: nutmeg"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090811",
      "product_name": "Spices: nutmeg, neither crushed nor ground"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090812",
      "product_name": "Spices: nutmeg, crushed or ground"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090820",
      "product_name": "Spices: mace"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090821",
      "product_name": "Spices: mace, neither crushed nor ground"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090822",
      "product_name": "Spices: mace, crushed or ground"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090830",
      "product_name": "Spices: cardamoms"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090831",
      "product_name": "Spices: cardamoms, neither crushed nor ground"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "090832",
      "product_name": "Spices: cardamoms, crushed or ground"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS4.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}