# Optical and medical instruments (HS2 90) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks

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Optical and medical instruments at HS2 90, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/90

## Answer

The optical and medical instruments sector recorded $672.2B in reported global trade in 2024, with +2.3% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $672.2B |
| Latest annual change | +2.3% |
| Active exporters | 200 |
| Active importers | 200 |
| Active HS6 products | 142 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $115.9B | 9,181 | 144 |
| 1996 | $125.9B | 9,392 | 144 |
| 1997 | $134.4B | 9,390 | 144 |
| 1998 | $137.0B | 9,805 | 144 |
| 1999 | $154.1B | 10,495 | 144 |
| 2000 | $176.7B | 11,983 | 144 |
| 2001 | $176.3B | 12,140 | 144 |
| 2002 | $182.4B | 12,721 | 144 |
| 2003 | $222.4B | 12,956 | 144 |
| 2004 | $274.5B | 13,409 | 144 |
| 2005 | $303.6B | 13,885 | 144 |
| 2006 | $348.3B | 14,501 | 144 |
| 2007 | $397.0B | 14,839 | 144 |
| 2008 | $438.3B | 14,975 | 144 |
| 2009 | $386.0B | 15,367 | 144 |
| 2010 | $457.7B | 15,617 | 144 |
| 2011 | $509.8B | 16,135 | 144 |
| 2012 | $526.3B | 16,388 | 144 |
| 2013 | $534.0B | 16,564 | 144 |
| 2014 | $547.9B | 17,157 | 144 |
| 2015 | $521.0B | 17,051 | 144 |
| 2016 | $518.5B | 17,419 | 144 |
| 2017 | $557.1B | 17,464 | 144 |
| 2018 | $593.0B | 17,800 | 144 |
| 2019 | $595.3B | 17,866 | 144 |
| 2020 | $578.1B | 17,579 | 144 |
| 2021 | $663.4B | 18,197 | 144 |
| 2022 | $638.5B | 18,260 | 142 |
| 2023 | $648.0B | 18,322 | 142 |
| 2024 | $672.2B | 18,275 | 142 |

## Growth and market structure

- Trend: Stable
- Three-year CAGR: +0.4%
- Five-year CAGR: +2.5%
- Historical peak: $672.2B in 2,024
- Positive-growth years: 86.2%
- Exporter concentration HHI: 1,490.9
- Importer concentration HHI: 852.3
- Trade volatility coefficient: 0.5

## Leading corridors

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 products | Distance | FTA |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | Mexico | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $23.2B | +12.5% | 135 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 2 | Germany | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $13.0B | +4.2% | 142 | 6,402 km | No |
| 3 | China | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $11.9B | -3.1% | 142 | 11,883 km | No |
| 4 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | China | $11.7B | +0.2% | 142 | 11,883 km | No |
| 5 | Japan | China | $10.2B | -13.5% | 136 | 1,763 km | No |
| 6 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Mexico | $9.9B | +13.2% | 142 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 7 | Germany | China | $9.7B | -6.3% | 142 | 8,415 km | No |
| 8 | Ireland | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $9.6B | +5.3% | 132 | 5,129 km | No |
| 9 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Germany | $8.2B | +0% | 142 | 6,402 km | No |
| 10 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Netherlands | $8.0B | +4.8% | 141 | 5,877 km | No |

## Leading exporters

| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $104.6B | 198 | 142 |
| 2 | Germany | $80.3B | 197 | 142 |
| 3 | China | $77.0B | 200 | 142 |
| 4 | Japan | $41.5B | 193 | 142 |
| 5 | Mexico | $31.9B | 152 | 142 |
| 6 | Netherlands | $30.8B | 194 | 142 |
| 7 | Ireland | $23.9B | 172 | 142 |
| 8 | Singapore | $21.8B | 189 | 142 |
| 9 | Switzerland, Liechtenstein | $20.7B | 190 | 142 |
| 10 | United Kingdom | $20.7B | 194 | 142 |

## Leading importers

| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $125.9B | 185 | 142 |
| 2 | China | $67.8B | 162 | 142 |
| 3 | Germany | $46.7B | 180 | 142 |
| 4 | Netherlands | $34.4B | 173 | 142 |
| 5 | Japan | $25.6B | 134 | 142 |
| 6 | France | $22.3B | 188 | 142 |
| 7 | United Kingdom | $21.8B | 184 | 142 |
| 8 | Republic of Korea | $21.4B | 156 | 142 |
| 9 | Mexico | $19.2B | 108 | 142 |
| 10 | Italy | $16.7B | 155 | 142 |

## HS6 products

- Optical fibres, optical fibre bundles and cables: excluding those of heading no. 8544 (HS6 900110)
- Optical elements: polarising material, sheets and plates thereof (HS6 900120)
- Lenses, contact: unmounted, of any material, excluding elements of glass not optically worked (HS6 900130)
- Lenses, spectacle: unmounted, of glass, excluding elements of glass not optically worked (HS6 900140)
- Lenses, spectacle: unmounted, of materials other than glass (HS6 900150)
- Optical elements: lenses n.e.c. in heading no. 9001, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, unmounted, of any material (excluding elements of glass not optically worked) (HS6 900190)
- Lenses: objective, for cameras, projectors or photographic enlargers or reducers, mounted, being parts or fittings for instruments or apparatus, of any material (excluding glass not optically worked) (HS6 900211)
- Lenses: objective, (other than for cameras, projectors or photographic enlargers or reducers), mounted, of any material (excluding elements of glass not optically worked) (HS6 900219)
- Filters: mounted as parts or fittings for instruments or apparatus, of any material (excluding elements of glass not optically worked) (HS6 900220)
- Optical elements: n.e.s. in heading no. 9002 (eg prisms and mirrors), mounted, being parts or fittings for instruments or apparatus, of any material (excluding elements of glass not optically worked) (HS6 900290)
- Frames and mountings: for spectacles, goggles or the like, of plastics (HS6 900311)
- Frames and mountings: for spectacles, goggles or the like, of materials other than plastics (HS6 900319)
- Frames and mountings: parts for spectacles, goggles or the like (HS6 900390)
- Sunglasses: corrective, protective or other (HS6 900410)
- Spectacles, goggles and the like: (other than sunglasses) corrective, protective or other (HS6 900490)
- Binoculars (HS6 900510)
- Monoculars: other optical telescopes and astronomical instruments, excluding instruments for radio-astronomy (HS6 900580)
- Binoculars, monoculars, other optical telescopes, astronomical instruments (excluding those of radio-astronomy): parts and accessories (including mountings) (HS6 900590)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): of a kind used for preparing printing plates or cylinders (HS6 900610)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): of a kind used for recording documents on microfilm, microfiche or other microforms (HS6 900620)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): specially designed for underwater use, aerial survey, medical or surgical examination of internal organs: comparison cameras for forensic or criminological use (HS6 900630)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): instant print cameras (HS6 900640)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): with a through-the-lens viewfinder, single lens reflex (SLR), for a roll film of a width not exceeding 35mm (HS6 900651)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): of a kind (not SLR) for roll film of a width less than 35mm (HS6 900652)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): of a kind (not SLR) for roll film of a width of 35mm (HS6 900653)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): of a kind (not SLR) for roll film n.e.s. in heading no. 9006 (HS6 900659)
- Photographic flashlight apparatus: discharge lamp (electronic) (HS6 900661)
- Photographic flashlight apparatus: flashbulbs, flashcubes and the like (HS6 900662)
- Photographic flashlight apparatus: n.e.s. in heading no. 9006 (HS6 900669)
- Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic): parts and accessories (HS6 900691)
- Photographic flashlight apparatus: parts and accessories, for other than cameras (HS6 900699)
- Cameras, cinematographic: whether or not incorporating sound recording apparatus (HS6 900710)
- Cameras, cinematographic: whether or not incorporating sound recording apparatus, for film of less than 16mm width or for double-8mm film (HS6 900711)
- Cameras, cinematographic: whether or not incorporating sound recording apparatus, for film n.e.s. in item no. 9007.11 (HS6 900719)
- Projectors, cinematographic: whether or not incorporating sound recording or reproducing apparatus (HS6 900720)
- Projectors, cinematographic: whether or not incorporating sound reproducing apparatus, for film of less than 16mm width (HS6 900721)
- Projectors, cinematographic: whether or not incorporating sound reproducing apparatus, for film 16mm or more wide (HS6 900729)
- Cameras, cinematographic: parts and accessories, whether or not incorporating sound recording apparatus (HS6 900791)
- Projectors, cinematographic: parts and accessories, whether or not incorporating sound reproducing apparatus (HS6 900792)
- Projectors, image: slide (excluding cinematographic) (HS6 900810)
- Projectors, image: microfilm, microfiche or other microform readers, whether or not capable of producing copies (HS6 900820)
- Projectors, image: (other than slide projectors and microfilm, microfiche or other microform readers), (excluding cinematographic) (HS6 900830)
- Photographic (excluding cinematographic) enlargers and reducers (HS6 900840)
- Image projectors, photographic enlargers and reducers, excluding cinematographic (HS6 900850)
- Photographic (other than cinematographic) image projectors, enlargers, and reducers: parts and accessories (HS6 900890)
- Photo-copying apparatus: electrostatic, operating by reproducing the original image directly onto the copy (direct process) (HS6 900911)
- Photo-copying apparatus: electrostatic, operating by reproducing the original image via an intermediate onto the copy (indirect process) (HS6 900912)
- Photo-copying apparatus: (excluding electrostatic), incorporating an optical system (HS6 900921)
- Photocopying apparatus: (excluding electrostatic), of the contact type (HS6 900922)
- Thermo-copying apparatus (HS6 900930)
- Photo and thermo-copying apparatus: parts and accessories (HS6 900990)
- Photo and thermo-copying apparatus: parts and accessories: automatic document feeders (HS6 900991)
- Photo and thermo-copying apparatus: parts and accessories: paper feeders (HS6 900992)
- Photo and thermo-copying apparatus: parts and accessories: sorters (HS6 900993)
- Photo and thermo-copying apparatus: other parts and accessories (HS6 900999)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment: for automatically developing photographic (including cinematographic) film or paper in rolls or for automatically exposing developed film to rolls of paper (HS6 901010)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment (including cinematographic): negatoscopes and other equipment n.e.s. in heading no. 9010 (HS6 901020)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment (including cinematographic): projection screens (HS6 901030)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment (including cinematographic): for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials, direct write-on-wafer apparatus (HS6 901041)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment (including cinematographic): for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials, step and repeat aligners (HS6 901042)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment (including cinematographic): for the projection or drawing of circuit patterns on sensitised semiconductor materials, n.e.s. in item no. 9010.4 (HS6 901049)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment: n.e.c. in item no. 9010.10, for photographic (including cinematographic) laboratories: negatoscopes (HS6 901050)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment (including cinematographic): projection screens (HS6 901060)
- Photographic laboratory apparatus and equipment (including cinematographic): parts and accessories (HS6 901090)
- Microscopes, compound optical: stereoscopic microscopes (HS6 901110)
- Microscopes, compound optical: for photomicrography, cinephotomicrography or microprojection (HS6 901120)
- Microscopes, compound optical: (other than stereoscopic and microscopes for photomicrography, cinephotomicrography or microprojection) (HS6 901180)
- Microscopes, compound optical: parts and accessories (including those for photomicrography, cinephotomicrography or microprojection) (HS6 901190)
- Microscopes (excluding optical microscopes): diffraction apparatus (HS6 901210)
- Microscopes (excluding optical microscopes): diffraction apparatus: parts and accessories (HS6 901290)
- Optical appliances and instruments: telescopic sights for fitting to arms: periscopes: telescopes designed to form parts of machines, appliances, instruments or apparatus of this chapter (HS6 901310)
- Lasers: other than laser diodes (HS6 901320)
- Optical devices, appliances and instruments: n.e.c. in heading no. 9013 (including liquid crystal devices) (HS6 901380)
- Optical appliances and instruments: parts and accessories for articles of heading no. 9013 (HS6 901390)
- Navigational instruments and appliances: direction finding compasses (HS6 901410)
- Navigational instruments and appliances: for aeronautical or space navigation (excluding compasses) (HS6 901420)
- Navigational instruments and appliances: for navigation other than aeronautical or space navigation (excluding direction finding compasses) (HS6 901480)
- Navigational instruments and appliances: parts and accessories (HS6 901490)
- Rangefinders (HS6 901510)
- Surveying equipment: theodolites and tacheometers (HS6 901520)
- Surveying equipment: levels (HS6 901530)
- Surveying equipment: photogrammetrical surveying instruments and appliances (HS6 901540)
- Surveying equipment: articles n.e.c. in heading no. 9015, including hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or geophysical instruments and appliances (excluding compasses) (HS6 901580)
- Surveying equipment: parts and accessories for articles of heading no. 9015 (HS6 901590)
- Balances: of a sensitivity of 5cg or better, with or without weights (HS6 901600)
- Drafting tables and machines: whether or not automatic (HS6 901710)
- Drawing, marking-out or mathematical calculating instruments (HS6 901720)
- Mathematical equipment: micrometers, callipers and gauges (HS6 901730)
- Mathematical instruments and equipment: n.e.s. in heading no. 9017 (HS6 901780)
- Drawing, marking-out equipment and mathematical instruments: parts and accessories (HS6 901790)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: electro-cardiographs (HS6 901811)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: ultrasonic scanning apparatus (HS6 901812)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (HS6 901813)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: scintigraphic apparatus (HS6 901814)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: electro-diagnostic apparatus (including apparatus for functional exploratory examination or for checking physiological parameters), n.e.s. in item no. 9018.1 (HS6 901819)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: ultra-violet or infra-red ray apparatus (HS6 901820)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: syringes, with or without needles (HS6 901831)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: tubular metal needles and needles for sutures (HS6 901832)
- Medical, surgical instruments and appliances: catheters, cannulae and the like (HS6 901839)
- Dental instruments and appliances: dental drill engines, whether or not combined on a single base with other dental equipment (HS6 901841)
- Dental instruments and appliances: other than dental drill engines (HS6 901849)
- Ophthalmic instruments and appliances (HS6 901850)
- Medical, surgical or dental instruments and appliances: n.e.c. in heading no. 9018 (HS6 901890)
- Mechano-therapy appliances: massage apparatus and psychological aptitude-testing apparatus (HS6 901910)
- Therapeutic respiration apparatus: ozone, oxygen, aerosol therapy apparatus: artificial respiration or other therapeutic respiration apparatus (HS6 901920)
- Breathing appliances and gas masks: excluding protective masks having neither mechanical parts nor replaceable filters and excluding apparatus of item no. 9019.20 (HS6 902000)
- Orthopaedic or fracture appliances (HS6 902110)
- Orthopaedic or fracture appliances: artificial joints (HS6 902111)
- Orthopaedic or fracture appliances: crutches, surgical belts and trusses, splints and other fracture appliances (HS6 902119)
- Dental fittings: artificial teeth (HS6 902121)
- Dental fittings: other than artificial teeth (HS6 902129)
- Artificial parts of the body (HS6 902130)
- Artificial parts of the body (HS6 902131)
- Artificial parts of the body: excluding artificial joints (HS6 902139)
- Hearing aids (excluding parts and accessories) (HS6 902140)
- Pacemakers: for stimulating heart muscles (excluding parts and accessories) (HS6 902150)
- Appliances: worn, carried or implanted in the body, to compensate for a defect or disability (HS6 902190)
- Apparatus based on the use of x-rays, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus: for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses (HS6 902211)
- Apparatus based on the use of x-rays: including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus, whether or not for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses, computed tomography apparatus (HS6 902212)
- Apparatus based on the use of x-rays: including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus, for dental uses, excluding computed tomography apparatus (HS6 902213)
- Apparatus based on the use of x-rays: including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus, for medical, surgical or veterinary uses, not dental uses, excluding computed tomography apparatus (HS6 902214)
- Apparatus based on the use of x-rays, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus: for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses (HS6 902219)
- Apparatus based on the use of alpha, beta or gamma radiations, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus: for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses (HS6 902221)
- Apparatus based on the use of alpha, beta or gamma radiations, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus: (for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses) (HS6 902229)
- X-ray tubes (HS6 902230)
- Apparatus based on use of x-rays and similar: parts and accessories (x-ray generators, tubes, high tension generators, control panels and desks, screens, examination or treatment tables, chairs and like (HS6 902290)
- Instruments, apparatus and models: designed for demonstrational purposes (in education or exhibitions), unsuitable for other uses (HS6 902300)
- Machines and appliances: for testing the hardness, strength, compressibility, elasticity or other mechanical properties of metals (HS6 902410)
- Machines and appliances: for testing the hardness, strength, compressibility, elasticity or other mechanical properties of materials other than metals (HS6 902480)
- Machines and appliances: parts and accessories for those testing hardness, strength, compressibility, elasticity or other mechanical properties of materials (eg metal, wood, textiles, paper, plastics) (HS6 902490)
- Thermometers and pyrometers: liquid filled, for direct reading, not combined with other instruments (HS6 902511)
- Thermometers and pyrometers: (other than liquid filled, for direct reading), not combined with other instruments (HS6 902519)
- Barometers: not combined with other instruments (HS6 902520)
- Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, barometers, hygrometers, psychrometers, thermometers, pyrometers: recording or not, any combination of these instruments (excluding thermometers and barometers not combined with other instruments) (HS6 902580)
- Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, barometers, hygrometers, psychrometers, thermometers, pyrometers: recording or not, any combination of these instruments, parts and accessories (HS6 902590)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking the flow or level of liquids (HS6 902610)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking pressure (HS6 902620)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking variables of liquids or gases (excluding pressure or the flow and level of liquids and those of heading no. 9014, 9015, 9028 and 9032) (HS6 902680)
- Instruments and apparatus: parts and accessories for those measuring or checking the flow, level, pressure or other variables of liquids or gases (excluding those of heading no. 9014, 9015, 9028 or 9032) (HS6 902690)
- Instruments and apparatus: gas or smoke analysis apparatus, for physical or chemical analysis (HS6 902710)
- Chromatographs and electrophoresis instruments (HS6 902720)
- Spectrometers, spectrophotometers and spectrographs: using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR) (HS6 902730)
- Exposure meters (HS6 902740)
- Instruments and apparatus: using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR), (other than spectrometers, spectrophotometers and spectrographs) (HS6 902750)
- Instruments and apparatus: for physical or chemical analysis, for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or quantities of heat, sound or light, n.e.c. in heading no. 9027 (HS6 902780)
- Instruments and apparatus: for physical or chemical analysis, for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or quantities of heat, sound or light, mass spectrometers (HS6 902781)
- Instruments and apparatus: for physical or chemical analysis, for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or quantities of heat, sound or light, exposure meters (HS6 902789)
- Microtomes and parts and accessories thereof (HS6 902790)
- Meters: gas, supply or production meters, including calibrating meters thereof (HS6 902810)
- Meters: liquid supply or production meters, including calibrating meters thereof (HS6 902820)
- Meters: electricity supply or production meters, including calibrating meters thereof (HS6 902830)
- Meters: parts and accessories of gas, liquid, electricity supply or production meters, including calibrating meters thereof (HS6 902890)
- Meters and counters: revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like (HS6 902910)
- Meters: speed indicators and tachometers: stroboscopes (HS6 902920)
- Meters and counters: parts and accessories for revolution and production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like: speed indicators, tachometers (excluding heading no. 9015), stroboscopes (HS6 902990)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or detecting ionising radiations (HS6 903010)
- Cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs (HS6 903020)
- Multimeters: for measuring or checking voltage, current, resistance or power, without a recording device (HS6 903031)
- Multimeters: for measuring or checking voltage, current, resistance or power, with a recording device (HS6 903032)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking voltage, current, resistance or power, without a recording device (excluding multimeters) (HS6 903033)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking voltage, current, resistance or power, without a recording device (excluding multimeters) (HS6 903039)
- Instruments and apparatus: specially designed for telecommunications (e.g. cross-talk meters, gain measuring instruments, distortion factor meters, psophometers) (HS6 903040)
- Instruments and apparatus: with a recording device, specially designed for telecommunications (eg cross-talk meters, gain measuring instruments, distortion factor meters, psophometers) (HS6 903081)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking semiconductor wafers or devices (HS6 903082)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or detecting alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, cosmic or other ionising radiations, with a recording device (HS6 903083)
- Instruments and apparatus: n.e.c. in heading no. 9030, with a recording device (HS6 903084)
- Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or detecting alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, cosmic or other ionising radiations, without a recording device (HS6 903089)
- Instruments, apparatus for measuring, checking electrical quantities, not meters of heading no. 9028: parts and accessories, for measuring or detecting alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, cosmic and other radiations (HS6 903090)
- Machines: for balancing mechanical parts (HS6 903110)
- Test benches (HS6 903120)
- Profile projectors (HS6 903130)
- Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90 (HS6 903140)
- Optical instruments and appliances: for inspecting semiconductor wafers or devices or for inspecting photomasks or reticles used in manufacturing semiconductor devices, n.e.s. in chapter 90 (HS6 903141)
- Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90 (HS6 903149)
- Instruments, appliances and machines: for measuring or checking n.e.c. in chapter 90 (HS6 903180)
- Instruments, appliances and machines: parts and accessories for those measuring or checking devices of heading no. 9031 (HS6 903190)
- Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus: automatic type, thermostats (HS6 903210)
- Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus: automatic, manostats (HS6 903220)
- Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus: automatic, hydraulic or pneumatic (HS6 903281)
- Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus: automatic, other than hydraulic or pneumatic (HS6 903289)
- Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus: automatic, parts and accessories (HS6 903290)
- Machines and appliances: instruments or apparatus of chapter 90: parts and accessories n.e.c. in chapter 90 (HS6 903300)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024. The data release was refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:08.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.