{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Vehicles (HS2 87) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the vehicles sector at HS2 87, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/87",
  "publisher": {
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/87/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/87/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/87/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/87/index.ld.json",
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  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
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  "sector": {
    "hs2": "87",
    "name": "Vehicles"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The vehicles sector recorded $1.8T in reported global trade in 2024, with -2.4% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 1837684141125.7754,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -2.3618779790935522,
    "activeExporters": 200,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 87
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 7.268628667923793,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.367679505456001,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 1880215158474.7712,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 82.75862068965517,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1602.6435265255861,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 811.9138514083769,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.39970239736111857
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 398835445730.47217,
      "corridor_count": 9379,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 422416482094.50867,
      "corridor_count": 9683,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 442839265989.708,
      "corridor_count": 9702,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 465156447669.26434,
      "corridor_count": 10094,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 535808259229.42804,
      "corridor_count": 10671,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 565258000728.4453,
      "corridor_count": 11850,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 559723388973.3507,
      "corridor_count": 11923,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 617020528054.9,
      "corridor_count": 12301,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 721025064916.6425,
      "corridor_count": 12521,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 845722173381.118,
      "corridor_count": 13034,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 900735812948.5303,
      "corridor_count": 13458,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1004016030117.764,
      "corridor_count": 13875,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1181148574477.5366,
      "corridor_count": 14192,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1225311807223.058,
      "corridor_count": 14544,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 844950517188.16,
      "corridor_count": 14716,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1061579271268.6743,
      "corridor_count": 14754,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1244420812393.7874,
      "corridor_count": 15267,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1273304413431.2092,
      "corridor_count": 15570,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1309975652599.102,
      "corridor_count": 15677,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1362280214414.5186,
      "corridor_count": 15974,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1299492704212.622,
      "corridor_count": 16158,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1323369869763.5698,
      "corridor_count": 16463,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1420355685019.6504,
      "corridor_count": 16502,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1502264952905.8481,
      "corridor_count": 16739,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1484023334530.2563,
      "corridor_count": 16778,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1260431717518.6958,
      "corridor_count": 16253,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs2": 87,
      "global_trade_usd": 1488855952782.0771,
      "corridor_count": 16872,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
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      "corridor_count": 16857,
      "active_hs6_count": 87
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      "year": 2023,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:35:25",
      "exporter_name": "Mexico",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "product_name": "Tractors: pedestrian controlled"
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      "product_name": "Tractors: road, for semi-trailers"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tractors: road tractors for semi-trailers, with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel)"
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      "hs_code": "870123",
      "product_name": "Tractors: road tractors for semi-trailers, with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motors for propulsion"
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      "hs_code": "870124",
      "product_name": "Tractors: road tractors for semi-trailers, with only electric motors for propulsion"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870129",
      "product_name": "Tractors: road tractors for semi-trailers, with other propulsion methods n.e.c. in item no 8701.2"
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      "hs_code": "870130",
      "product_name": "Tractors: track-laying"
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      "hs_code": "870190",
      "product_name": "Tractors: nes in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading no 8709)"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870191",
      "product_name": "Tractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading no 8709): of an engine power not exceeding 18kW"
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      "product_name": "Tractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading no 8709): of an engine power exceeding 18kW but not exceeding 37kW"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading no 8709): of an engine power exceeding 37kW but not exceeding 75kW"
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      "product_name": "Tractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading no 8709): of an engine power exceeding 75kW but not exceeding 130kW"
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      "hs_code": "870195",
      "product_name": "Tractors: n.e.c. in heading no 8701 (other than tractors of heading no 8709): of an engine power exceeding 130kW"
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      "hs_code": "870210",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: public transport type (carries 10 or more passengers), compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel)"
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      "product_name": "Vehicles: public transport type (carries 10 or more persons, including driver), with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) and electric motor for propulsion, new or used"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870230",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: public transport type (carries 10 or more persons, including driver), with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) and electric motor for propulsion, new or used"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870240",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: public transport type (carries 10 or more persons, including driver), with only electric motor for propulsion, new or used"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870290",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: public transport type (carries 10 or more passengers), other than compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel)"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870310",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: specially designed for travelling on snow, golf cars and similar vehicles"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870321",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity not exceeding 1000cc"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870322",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500cc"
    },
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      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870324",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 3000cc"
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      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity not exceeding 1500cc"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870332",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 2500cc"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870333",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 2500cc"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870340",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870350",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870360",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, capable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870370",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel) and electric motor for propulsion, capable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870380",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with only electric motor for propulsion"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870390",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: for transport of persons (other than those of heading no. 8702) n.e.s. in heading no. 8703, including station wagons and racing cars"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870410",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: dumpers, designed for off-highway use, for transport of goods"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870421",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a gvw not exceeding 5 tonnes), n.e.c. in item no 8704.1"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870422",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 5 tonnes but not exceeding 20 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870423",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 20 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870431",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. not exceeding 5 tonnes), nes in item no 8704.1"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870432",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, for transport of goods, (of a g.v.w. exceeding 5 tonnes), n.e.c. in item no 8704.1"
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      "hs_code": "870441",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel/semi-diesel) and electric motor as motor for propulsion, unassembled as in section 14, (gvw not exceeding 5000kg), for the transport of goods, vans"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870442",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel/semi-diesel) and electric motors for propulsion, of a g.v.w. exceeding 5,000kg but not exceeding 20,000kg"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870443",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel/semi-diesel) and electric motors for propulsion, of a g.v.w. exceeding 20,000kg"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870451",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motors for propulsion, of a g.v.w. not exceeding 5,000kg"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870452",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motors for propulsion, of a g.v.w. exceeding 5,000kg"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870460",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: with only electric motor for propulsion"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870490",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: for transport of goods, n.e.s. in heading no. 8704"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870510",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: crane lorries"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870520",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: mobile drilling derricks"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870530",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: fire fighting vehicles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870540",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: concrete-mixer lorries"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870590",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: break-down lorries, road-sweepers, spraying lorries, mobile workshops, mobile radiological units, and other special purpose vehicles n.e.s. in heading no. 8705"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870600",
      "product_name": "Chassis: fitted with engines, for the motor vehicles of heading no. 8701 to 8705"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870710",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: bodies (including cabs) for the motor vehicles of heading no. 8703"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870790",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: bodies (including cabs) for the motor vehicles of heading no. 8701, 8702, 8704 or 8705"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870810",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: bumpers and parts thereof, for the vehicles of heading no. 8701 to 8705"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870821",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts of bodies, safety seat belts"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870822",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts and accessories, front windscreens (windshields), rear windows and other windows specified in subheading note 1 to this chapter"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870829",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts and accessories, of bodies, other than safety seat belts"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870830",
      "product_name": "Vehicle parts: brakes, servo-brakes and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870831",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts, mounted brake linings"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870839",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: brakes, servo brakes and parts, not mounted brake linings"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870840",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts, gear boxes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870850",
      "product_name": "Vehicle parts: drive-axles with differential, whether or not provided with other transmission components, and non-driving axles: parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870860",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: non-driving axles and parts thereof"
    },
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      "hs_code": "870870",
      "product_name": "Vehicle parts: road wheels and parts and accessories thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870880",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts, suspension shock-absorbers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870891",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts, radiators"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870892",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts, silencers and exhaust pipes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870893",
      "product_name": "Vehicle parts: clutches and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870894",
      "product_name": "Vehicle parts: steering wheels, steering columns and steering boxes: parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870895",
      "product_name": "Vehicle parts: safety airbags with inflater system: parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870899",
      "product_name": "Vehicle parts and accessories: n.e.c. in heading no. 8708"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870911",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: electrical, self-propelled, (not fitted with lifting or handling equipment), of the type used for short distance transport of goods in factories, warehouses, dock areas or airports"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870919",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: (not electrical), self-propelled, without handling equipment, used for short distance transport of goods in factories, airports and such, and tractors of the type used on railway station platforms"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "870990",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: parts of the vehicles of heading no. 8709"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871000",
      "product_name": "Tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles: motorised, whether or not fitted with weapons, and parts of such vehicles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871110",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with an auxiliary motor, with reciprocating internal combustion piston engine not exceeding 50cc, with or without side-cars: side-cars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871120",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with an auxiliary motor, reciprocating internal combustion piston engine, of cylinder capacity exceeding 50cc but not exceeding 250cc, with or without side-cars: side-cars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871130",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with an auxiliary motor, reciprocating internal combustion piston engine, of cylinder capacity exceeding 250cc but not exceeding 500cc, with or without side-cars: side-cars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871140",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with auxiliary motor, reciprocating internal combustion piston engine of cylinder capacity exceeding 500cc but not exceeding 800cc, with or without sidecars: side-cars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871150",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with auxiliary motor, with reciprocating internal combustion piston engine of a cylinder capacity exceeding 800cc, with or without side-cars: side-cars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871160",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with auxiliary motor, with electric motor for propulsion, with or without side-cars: side-cars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871190",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: n.e.c. in heading no. 8711, fitted with auxiliary motor, with or without side-cars: side-cars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871200",
      "product_name": "Bicycles and other cycles: including delivery tricycles, not motorised"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871310",
      "product_name": "Carriages for disabled persons: not mechanically propelled"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871390",
      "product_name": "Carriages for disabled persons: mechanically propelled"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871410",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds): parts and accessories"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871411",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds): parts, saddles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871419",
      "product_name": "Motorcycles (including mopeds): parts, other than saddles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871420",
      "product_name": "Carriages for disabled persons: parts and accessories thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871491",
      "product_name": "Cycles: frames and forks, and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871492",
      "product_name": "Cycles: parts thereof, wheel rims and spokes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871493",
      "product_name": "Cycles: parts thereof, hubs (other than coaster braking hubs and hubbrakes), and free-wheel sprocket-wheels"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871494",
      "product_name": "Cycles: parts thereof, brakes, including coaster braking hubs and hub-brakes, and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871495",
      "product_name": "Cycles: parts thereof, saddles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871496",
      "product_name": "Cycles: parts, pedals and crank-gear, and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871499",
      "product_name": "Cycles: parts thereof, n.e.s. in item no. 8714.9"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871500",
      "product_name": "Baby carriages and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871610",
      "product_name": "Trailers and semi-trailers: of the caravan type, for housing or camping"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871620",
      "product_name": "Trailers and semi-trailers: self-loading or self-unloading, for agricultural purposes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871631",
      "product_name": "Tanker trailers and tanker semi-trailers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871639",
      "product_name": "Trailers and semi-trailers: (other than tanker type)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871640",
      "product_name": "Trailers and semi-trailers: n.e.c. in item no. 8716.3"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871680",
      "product_name": "Vehicles: n.e.s. in heading no. 8716"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "871690",
      "product_name": "Trailers, semi-trailers and other vehicles not mechanically propelled: parts thereof for heading no. 8716"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}