{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Other base metals (HS2 81) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the other base metals sector at HS2 81, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/81",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/81/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/81/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/81/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/81/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "sector": {
    "hs2": "81",
    "name": "Other base metals"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The other base metals sector recorded $26.3B in reported global trade in 2024, with +9.7% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 26304283511.242977,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 9.664691214445272,
    "activeExporters": 166,
    "activeImporters": 195,
    "activeHs6Products": 48
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 3.976710293587149,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.592961635818171,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 30986192764.16117,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 72.41379310344827,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2843.5538211308904,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 2035.4759250740617,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4735993418591438
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  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 5231036832.137452,
      "corridor_count": 2589,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 5475161125.919803,
      "corridor_count": 2611,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 6173222810.880742,
      "corridor_count": 2555,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 6139990600.615264,
      "corridor_count": 2570,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 6162902248.727428,
      "corridor_count": 2914,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 6885941303.338372,
      "corridor_count": 3119,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 6848743798.794413,
      "corridor_count": 3196,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 5953849939.425608,
      "corridor_count": 3239,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 6934215692.749239,
      "corridor_count": 3173,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 10649865657.807732,
      "corridor_count": 3415,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 12945439176.140985,
      "corridor_count": 3584,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 15537514323.409327,
      "corridor_count": 3649,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 18726019847.09541,
      "corridor_count": 3847,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 21673944353.828335,
      "corridor_count": 3881,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 11606340308.558233,
      "corridor_count": 3835,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 15833806238.290869,
      "corridor_count": 3919,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 19740600829.96419,
      "corridor_count": 4023,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 18350735872.477978,
      "corridor_count": 4314,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 17404252671.67722,
      "corridor_count": 4208,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 18659544267.608215,
      "corridor_count": 4407,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 16671928991.333893,
      "corridor_count": 4678,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 15978398385.133501,
      "corridor_count": 4642,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 20169978444.034885,
      "corridor_count": 4648,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 25306112877.976273,
      "corridor_count": 4634,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 21014263512.876064,
      "corridor_count": 4756,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs2": 81,
      "global_trade_usd": 17223824114.036194,
      "corridor_count": 4495,
      "active_hs6_count": 48
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    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs2": 81,
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      "corridor_count": 4733,
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      "year": 2022,
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      "year": 2023,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:35:25",
      "exporter_name": "Democratic Republic of the Congo",
      "importer_name": "China"
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
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    },
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      "product_name": "Tungsten (wolfram): unwrought, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, waste and scrap"
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      "product_name": "Tungsten (wolfram): bars and rods, other than those obtained simply by sintering, profiles, plates, sheets, strip and foil"
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      "product_name": "Tungsten (wolfram): unwrought, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tungsten (wolfram): bars and rods, other than those obtained simply by sintering, profiles, plates, sheets, strip and foil"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tungsten (wolfram): wire"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810197",
      "product_name": "Tungsten (wolfram): waste and scrap"
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      "hs_code": "810199",
      "product_name": "Tungsten (wolfram): articles n.e.c. in heading no. 8101"
    },
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      "product_name": "Molybdenum: articles thereof, including waste and scrap, powders"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810291",
      "product_name": "Molybdenum: unwrought, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, waste and scrap"
    },
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      "product_name": "Molybdenum: bars and rods, other than those obtained simply by sintering, profiles, plates, sheets, strip and foil"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810293",
      "product_name": "Molybdenum: wire"
    },
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      "product_name": "Molybdenum: unwrought, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering"
    },
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      "product_name": "Molybdenum: bars and rods, other than those obtained simply by sintering, profiles, plates, sheets, strip and foil"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810296",
      "product_name": "Molybdenum: wire"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810297",
      "product_name": "Molybdenum: waste and scrap"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810299",
      "product_name": "Molybdenum: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 8102"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tantalum: unwrought, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, waste and scrap, powders"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tantalum: unwrought, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, powders"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tantalum: waste and scrap"
    },
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      "product_name": "Tantalum: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 8103"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810391",
      "product_name": "Tantalum: crucibles"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810399",
      "product_name": "Tantalum: articles n.e.c. in heading no. 8103"
    },
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      "product_name": "Magnesium: unwrought, containing at least 99.8% by weight of magnesium"
    },
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      "product_name": "Magnesium: unwrought, containing less than 99.8% by weight of magnesium"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810420",
      "product_name": "Magnesium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810430",
      "product_name": "Magnesium: raspings, turnings and granules, graded according to size, powders"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810490",
      "product_name": "Magnesium: articles n.e.c. in heading no. 8104"
    },
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      "product_name": "Cobalt: mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, unwrought cobalt, waste and scrap, powders"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810520",
      "product_name": "Cobalt: mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, unwrought cobalt, powders"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810530",
      "product_name": "Cobalt: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810590",
      "product_name": "Cobalt: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 8105"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810600",
      "product_name": "Bismuth: articles thereof, including waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810610",
      "product_name": "Bismuth: articles thereof, including waste and scrap, containing more than 99.99% of bismuth, by weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810690",
      "product_name": "Bismuth: including articles n.e.c. in heading 8106, including waste and scrap, containing less than or equal to 99.99% of bismuth, by weight"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810710",
      "product_name": "Cadmium: unwrought, waste and scrap, powders"
    },
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      "hs_code": "810720",
      "product_name": "Cadmium: unwrought, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810730",
      "product_name": "Cadmium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810790",
      "product_name": "Cadmium: other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8107"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810810",
      "product_name": "Titanium: unwrought, waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810820",
      "product_name": "Titanium: unwrought, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810830",
      "product_name": "Titanium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810890",
      "product_name": "Titanium: other than unwrought, n.e.s. in heading no. 8108"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810910",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: unwrought, waste and scrap, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810920",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: unwrought, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810921",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: unwrought, powders, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810929",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: unwrought, powders, containing not less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810930",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810931",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: waste and scrap, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810939",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: waste and scrap, containing not less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810990",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8109"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810991",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8109, containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "810999",
      "product_name": "Zirconium: other than unwrought, n.e.c. in heading no. 8109, containing not less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811000",
      "product_name": "Antimony: articles thereof, including waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811010",
      "product_name": "Antimony and articles thereof: unwrought antimony, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811020",
      "product_name": "Antimony: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811090",
      "product_name": "Antimony and articles thereof: wrought, other than waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811100",
      "product_name": "Manganese: articles thereof, including waste and scrap"
    },
    {
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      "product_name": "Beryllium: unwrought, waste and scrap, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811212",
      "product_name": "Beryllium and articles thereof: unwrought beryllium, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811213",
      "product_name": "Beryllium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811219",
      "product_name": "Beryllium and articles thereof: wrought other than waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811220",
      "product_name": "Chromium: including waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811221",
      "product_name": "Chromium and articles thereof: unwrought chromium, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811222",
      "product_name": "Chromium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811229",
      "product_name": "Chromium and articles thereof: wrought other than waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811230",
      "product_name": "Germanium: including waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811231",
      "product_name": "Hafnium and articles thereof: unwrought, powders, waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811239",
      "product_name": "Hafnium and articles thereof: wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811240",
      "product_name": "Vanadium: including waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811241",
      "product_name": "Rhenium and articles thereof: unwrought, powders, waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811249",
      "product_name": "Rhenium and articles thereof: wrought, other than powders, waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811251",
      "product_name": "Thallium and articles thereof: unwrought thallium, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811252",
      "product_name": "Thallium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811259",
      "product_name": "Thallium and articles thereof: other than unwrought thallium, powders or waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811261",
      "product_name": "Cadmium: waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811269",
      "product_name": "Cadmium: other than waste and scrap"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811291",
      "product_name": "Gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium: articles thereof, unwrought, waste and scrap, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811292",
      "product_name": "Gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium: articles thereof, unwrought, including waste and scrap, powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811299",
      "product_name": "Gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and vanadium: articles thereof, other than unwrought including waste and scrap and powders"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "811300",
      "product_name": "Cermets: articles thereof, including waste and scrap"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}