# Articles of iron or steel (HS2 73) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks

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Articles of iron or steel at HS2 73, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/73

## Answer

The articles of iron or steel sector recorded $368.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with -3.1% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $368.5B |
| Latest annual change | -3.1% |
| Active exporters | 200 |
| Active importers | 200 |
| Active HS6 products | 124 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $75.4B | 8,988 | 124 |
| 1996 | $79.0B | 9,347 | 124 |
| 1997 | $81.7B | 9,440 | 124 |
| 1998 | $84.1B | 9,817 | 124 |
| 1999 | $84.6B | 10,444 | 124 |
| 2000 | $88.1B | 12,136 | 124 |
| 2001 | $90.3B | 12,369 | 124 |
| 2002 | $96.9B | 12,705 | 124 |
| 2003 | $112.0B | 13,046 | 124 |
| 2004 | $143.1B | 13,346 | 124 |
| 2005 | $169.6B | 13,798 | 124 |
| 2006 | $207.2B | 14,214 | 124 |
| 2007 | $256.8B | 14,709 | 124 |
| 2008 | $309.7B | 14,898 | 124 |
| 2009 | $230.0B | 15,109 | 124 |
| 2010 | $245.7B | 15,492 | 124 |
| 2011 | $296.3B | 15,881 | 124 |
| 2012 | $301.5B | 16,203 | 124 |
| 2013 | $304.3B | 16,415 | 124 |
| 2014 | $313.0B | 16,701 | 124 |
| 2015 | $279.2B | 16,717 | 124 |
| 2016 | $257.5B | 16,903 | 124 |
| 2017 | $279.9B | 17,037 | 124 |
| 2018 | $312.7B | 17,466 | 124 |
| 2019 | $304.5B | 17,333 | 124 |
| 2020 | $276.8B | 16,792 | 124 |
| 2021 | $345.6B | 17,247 | 124 |
| 2022 | $385.6B | 17,316 | 124 |
| 2023 | $372.5B | 17,527 | 124 |
| 2024 | $368.5B | 17,366 | 124 |

## Growth and market structure

- Trend: Stable
- Three-year CAGR: +2.2%
- Five-year CAGR: +3.9%
- Historical peak: $385.6B in 2,022
- Positive-growth years: 75.9%
- Exporter concentration HHI: 1,679.7
- Importer concentration HHI: 627.5
- Trade volatility coefficient: 0.5

## Leading corridors

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 products | Distance | FTA |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | China | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $13.3B | -3.2% | 122 | 11,883 km | No |
| 2 | Mexico | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $7.5B | +4.2% | 117 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 3 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Mexico | $6.8B | +6.6% | 124 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 4 | Canada | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $5.7B | +3.1% | 124 | 556 km | Yes |
| 5 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Canada | $5.6B | -0.5% | 124 | 556 km | Yes |
| 6 | China | Republic of Korea | $4.7B | +6.3% | 124 | 867 km | Yes |
| 7 | China | Japan | $3.9B | -2.6% | 120 | 1,763 km | No |
| 8 | China | Thailand | $3.9B | +14.5% | 123 | 2,887 km | Yes |
| 9 | China | Viet Nam | $3.8B | +7.3% | 123 | 2,732 km | Yes |
| 10 | Poland | Germany | $3.4B | -0.3% | 120 | 518 km | Yes |

## Leading exporters

| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | China | $98.6B | 200 | 124 |
| 2 | Germany | $33.4B | 191 | 124 |
| 3 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $22.1B | 192 | 124 |
| 4 | Italy | $20.8B | 189 | 124 |
| 5 | Japan | $11.0B | 187 | 124 |
| 6 | Poland | $10.7B | 177 | 124 |
| 7 | Turkey | $10.0B | 191 | 124 |
| 8 | Republic of Korea | $9.8B | 185 | 124 |
| 9 | India | $9.8B | 193 | 124 |
| 10 | Mexico | $9.7B | 147 | 124 |

## Leading importers

| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $52.8B | 171 | 124 |
| 2 | Germany | $27.4B | 157 | 124 |
| 3 | France | $14.2B | 185 | 124 |
| 4 | Mexico | $12.4B | 114 | 124 |
| 5 | Canada | $12.0B | 184 | 124 |
| 6 | United Kingdom | $11.2B | 158 | 124 |
| 7 | Netherlands | $9.1B | 158 | 124 |
| 8 | Italy | $8.6B | 131 | 124 |
| 9 | China | $8.5B | 167 | 124 |
| 10 | Poland | $8.1B | 150 | 124 |

## HS6 products

- Iron or steel: sheet piling, whether or not drilled, punched or made from assembled elements (HS6 730110)
- Iron or steel: angles, shapes and sections, welded (HS6 730120)
- Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: rails (HS6 730210)
- Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: sleepers (cross-ties) (HS6 730220)
- Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: switch blades, crossing frogs, point rods and other crossing pieces (HS6 730230)
- Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: fish-plates and sole plates (HS6 730240)
- Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: n.e.c. in heading no. 7302 (HS6 730290)
- Cast iron: tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (HS6 730300)
- Iron or steel (other than cast iron): seamless, line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (HS6 730410)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): seamless, line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, of stainless steel (HS6 730411)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron or stainless steel): seamless, line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (HS6 730419)
- Iron or steel (other than cast iron): seamless casing, tubing and drill pipe, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (HS6 730420)
- Iron or steel: drill pipe, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (HS6 730421)
- Steel, stainless: seamless, drill pipe, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (HS6 730422)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron or stainless steel): seamless, drill pipe, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (HS6 730423)
- Steel, stainless: seamless, casing and tubing, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (HS6 730424)
- Iron or steel: casing and tubing, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (HS6 730429)
- Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron): seamless, cold-drawn or cold-rolled, tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section (HS6 730431)
- Iron or non-alloy steel (excluding cast iron): seamless, (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section (HS6 730439)
- Steel, stainless: cold-drawn or cold-rolled (cold-reduced), tubes and pipes of circular cross-section (HS6 730441)
- Steel, stainless: (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes and pipes of circular cross-section (HS6 730449)
- Steel, alloy (not stainless steel): seamless, cold-drawn or cold-rolled (cold-reduced), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section (HS6 730451)
- Steel, alloy (not stainless steel): (excluding cold-drawn or cold-rolled), tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of circular cross-section (HS6 730459)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): seamless, tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, seamless, n.e.c. in heading no. 7304 (HS6 730490)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (not seamless), longitudinally submerged arc welded, having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm (HS6 730511)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (not seamless), longitudinally welded (not submerged arc welded), having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm (HS6 730512)
- Iron or steel: line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, (other than longitudinally welded), external diameter exceeds 406.4mm (HS6 730519)
- Iron or steel: casing of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm (HS6 730520)
- Iron or steel: tubes and pipes (other than line pipe or casing of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines), longitudinally welded, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm (HS6 730531)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes and pipes (other than line pipe or casing of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines), welded (not longitudinally welded), having circular cross-sections, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm, (not seamless) (HS6 730539)
- Iron or steel: tubes and pipes, n.e.s. in heading no. 7305, external diameter exceeds 406.4mm (HS6 730590)
- Iron or steel: line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines, n.e.s. (HS6 730610)
- Steel: stainless: line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines n.e.c. in chapter 73, welded, (not seamless) (HS6 730611)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): line pipe of a kind used for oil or gas pipelines (other than of stainless steel or seamless), n.e.c. in chapter 73 (HS6 730619)
- Iron or steel: casing and tubing of a kind used in drilling for oil and gas, n.e.s. (HS6 730620)
- Steel, stainless: casing and tubing of a kind used in drilling for oil and gas, n.e.c. in chapter 73, welded, (not seamless) (HS6 730621)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): casing and tubing of a kind used in drilling for oil and gas (other than stainless steel or seamless), n.e.c. in chapter 73 (HS6 730629)
- Iron or non-alloy steel: tubes and pipes, welded, of circular cross-section (HS6 730630)
- Steel, stainless: tubes and pipes, welded, of circular cross-section (HS6 730640)
- Steel, alloy: tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (other than stainless steel or seamless), welded, of circular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73 (HS6 730650)
- Iron or steel: n.e.s. in heading no. 7306, tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, welded, of non-circular cross-section (HS6 730660)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), welded, of square or rectangular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73 (HS6 730661)
- Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), n.e.c. in chapter 73, welded, of non-circular cross-section (not square or rectangular cross-section) (HS6 730669)
- Iron or steel: tubes, pipes and hollow profiles n.e.s. in heading no. 7306 (HS6 730690)
- Cast iron: cast fittings, of non-malleable cast iron (HS6 730711)
- Iron or steel: cast fittings, other than of non-malleable cast iron (HS6 730719)
- Steel, stainless: tube or pipe fittings, flanges, of stainless steel (HS6 730721)
- Steel, stainless: tube or pipe fittings, threaded elbows, bends and sleeves (HS6 730722)
- Steel, stainless: tube or pipe fittings, butt welding fittings (HS6 730723)
- Steel, stainless: tube or pipe fittings, n.e.c. in item no. 7307.2 (HS6 730729)
- Iron or steel: tube or pipe fittings, flanges, other than stainless steel (HS6 730791)
- Iron or steel: tube or pipe fittings, threaded elbows, bends and sleeves, other than stainless steel (HS6 730792)
- Iron or steel: tube or pipe fittings, butt welding fittings, other than stainless steel (HS6 730793)
- Iron or steel: tube or pipe fittings, n.e.c. in item no. 7307.9, other than stainless steel (HS6 730799)
- Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, bridges and bridge-sections (HS6 730810)
- Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, towers and lattice masts (HS6 730820)
- Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, doors, windows and their frames and thresholds for doors (HS6 730830)
- Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, props and similar equipment for scaffolding, shuttering or pit-propping (HS6 730840)
- Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.s. in heading no. 7308 (HS6 730890)
- Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers: for any material (excluding compressed or liquefied gas), of iron or steel, capacity exceeding 300l, whether or not lined or heat insulated (HS6 730900)
- Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers, for any material (excluding compressed or liquefied gas), 50l or more capacity but not exceeding 300l (HS6 731010)
- Cans: which are to be closed by soldering or crimping, for any material (excluding compressed or liquefied gas), less than 50l capacity, of iron or steel (HS6 731021)
- Tanks, casks, drums, boxes and similar containers for any material (excluding compressed or liquefied gas) less than 50l capacity, n.e.s. in item no. 7310.2, of iron or steel (HS6 731029)
- Containers for compressed or liquefied gas, of iron or steel (HS6 731100)
- Iron or steel: stranded wire, ropes and cables, not electrically insulated (HS6 731210)
- Iron or steel: plaited bands, slings and the like, not electrically insulated (HS6 731290)
- Iron of steel: barbed wire, twisted hoop or single flat wire and loosely twisted double wire, used for fencing (HS6 731300)
- Iron or steel: wire cloth (including endless bands), woven products, of stainless steel (HS6 731411)
- Iron or steel: woven cloth, endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel (HS6 731412)
- Iron or steel: woven cloth, endless bands for machinery, (not of stainless steel) (HS6 731413)
- Iron or steel: woven cloth, of stainless steel, (other than endless bands for machinery) (HS6 731414)
- Iron or steel: woven cloth, other than of stainless steel (HS6 731419)
- Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at intersections, of wire with a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 3mm or more and mesh size 100cm2 or more (HS6 731420)
- Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at intersections, n.e.s. in item no. 7314.2 (HS6 731430)
- Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at the intersection, n.e.c. in item no. 7314.20, plated or coated with zinc (HS6 731431)
- Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at the intersection, n.e.c. in item no. 7314.20, (other than plated or coated with zinc) (HS6 731439)
- Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, plated or coated with zinc (HS6 731441)
- Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, coated with plastic (HS6 731442)
- Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, coated with materials other than zinc or plastic (HS6 731449)
- Iron or steel: expanded metal (HS6 731450)
- Chain: articulated link, roller, of iron or steel (HS6 731511)
- Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel (HS6 731512)
- Chain: articulated link parts, of iron or steel (HS6 731519)
- Chain: skid, articulated link chain and parts thereof, of iron or steel (HS6 731520)
- Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel (HS6 731581)
- Chain: welded link chain, of iron or steel (HS6 731582)
- Chain: n.e.c. in heading no. 7315, of iron or steel (HS6 731589)
- Chain: parts n.e.c. in heading no. 7315, of iron or steel (HS6 731590)
- Iron or steel: anchors, grapnels and parts thereof (HS6 731600)
- Iron or steel: nails, tacks, drawing pins, corrugated nails, staples (not those of heading no. 8305) and the like, with heads of other material or not, but excluding articles with heads of copper (HS6 731700)
- Iron or steel: threaded coach screws (HS6 731811)
- Iron or steel: threaded wood screws other than coach screws (HS6 731812)
- Iron or steel: threaded screw hooks and screw rings (HS6 731813)
- Iron or steel: threaded self-tapping screws (HS6 731814)
- Iron or steel: threaded screws and bolts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washers (HS6 731815)
- Iron or steel: threaded nuts (HS6 731816)
- Iron or steel: threaded screws, bolts and nuts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1 (HS6 731819)
- Iron or steel: non-threaded spring washers and other lock washers (HS6 731821)
- Iron or steel: non-threaded washers, excluding spring and lock (HS6 731822)
- Iron or steel: non-threaded rivets (HS6 731823)
- Iron or steel: non-threaded cotters and cotter-pins (HS6 731824)
- Iron or steel: non-threaded articles, n.e.c. in item no. 7318.2 (HS6 731829)
- Iron or steel: sewing, darning or embroidery needles, for use in the hand (HS6 731910)
- Iron or steel: safety pins (HS6 731920)
- Iron or steel: pins, other than safety (HS6 731930)
- Safety pins and other pins: of iron or steel (HS6 731940)
- Iron or steel: knitting needles, bodkins, crochet hooks and similar articles, for use in the hand, n.e.s. in heading no. 7319 (HS6 731990)
- Iron or steel: leaf-springs and leaves therefor (HS6 732010)
- Iron or steel: helical springs and leaves for springs (HS6 732020)
- Iron or steel: springs n.e.c. in heading no. 7320 (HS6 732090)
- Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for gas fuel or for both gas and other fuels, of iron or steel (HS6 732111)
- Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for liquid fuel, of iron or steel (HS6 732112)
- Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for solid fuel, of iron or steel (HS6 732113)
- Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for solid fuel and fuels other than gas or liquid, of iron or steel (HS6 732119)
- Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for gas fuel or for both gas and other fuels, of iron or steel (HS6 732181)
- Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for liquid fuel, of iron or steel (HS6 732182)
- Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for solid fuel, of iron or steel (HS6 732183)
- Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for solid fuel and fuels other than gas or liquid, of iron or steel (HS6 732189)
- Domestic appliances: non-electric, parts thereof, of iron or steel (HS6 732190)
- Radiators and parts thereof: for central heating, (not electrically heated), of cast iron (HS6 732211)
- Radiators and parts thereof: for central heating, (not electrically heated), of iron or steel other than cast iron (HS6 732219)
- Air heaters and hot air distributors, (not electrically heated), incorporating a motor-driven fan or blower and parts thereof, of iron or steel (HS6 732290)
- Iron or steel: wool, pot scourers and scouring or polishing pads, gloves and the like (HS6 732310)
- Cast iron: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, of cast iron, not enamelled (HS6 732391)
- Cast iron: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, of cast iron, enamelled (HS6 732392)
- Steel, stainless: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof (HS6 732393)
- Iron (excluding cast) or steel: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, enamelled (HS6 732394)
- Iron or steel: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, of iron or steel n.e.s. in heading no. 7323 (HS6 732399)
- Steel: sinks and wash basins, of stainless steel (HS6 732410)
- Cast iron, baths, whether or not enamelled (HS6 732421)
- Iron (other than cast) or steel: baths (HS6 732429)
- Iron or steel: sanitary ware and parts thereof, excluding sinks, wash basins and baths (HS6 732490)
- Iron: articles of non-malleable cast iron (HS6 732510)
- Iron: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron (HS6 732591)
- Iron or steel: cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron (HS6 732599)
- Iron or steel: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, forged or stamped, but not further worked (HS6 732611)
- Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in item no. 7326.11, forged or stamped, but not further worked (HS6 732619)
- Iron or steel: wire articles (HS6 732620)
- Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 7326 (HS6 732690)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024. The data release was refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:08.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.