{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Articles of iron or steel (HS2 73) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the articles of iron or steel sector at HS2 73, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/73",
  "publisher": {
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    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/73/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/73/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/73/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/73/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "sector": {
    "hs2": "73",
    "name": "Articles of iron or steel"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The articles of iron or steel sector recorded $368.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with -3.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 368503968783.8443,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -3.0693246182572547,
    "activeExporters": 200,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 124
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 2.165067044908775,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.891040376931665,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 385579207152.24304,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 75.86206896551724,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1679.715539865486,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 627.4895147605746,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.4588292574880297
  },
  "annualRows": [
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 75413003846.04022,
      "corridor_count": 8988,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 78959699778.73589,
      "corridor_count": 9347,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 81675692798.93623,
      "corridor_count": 9440,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 84086401793.99474,
      "corridor_count": 9817,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 84610083996.72266,
      "corridor_count": 10444,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 88134550781.99442,
      "corridor_count": 12136,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 90294526825.02147,
      "corridor_count": 12369,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 96931866490.46025,
      "corridor_count": 12705,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 111974944816.98172,
      "corridor_count": 13046,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 143108923860.32974,
      "corridor_count": 13346,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 169621580999.1566,
      "corridor_count": 13798,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 207161542557.24496,
      "corridor_count": 14214,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 256835667147.34262,
      "corridor_count": 14709,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 309682730883.2006,
      "corridor_count": 14898,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 230026328093.3415,
      "corridor_count": 15109,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 245735061903.00983,
      "corridor_count": 15492,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 296273939469.6697,
      "corridor_count": 15881,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 301505415307.3826,
      "corridor_count": 16203,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 304323351534.53143,
      "corridor_count": 16415,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 313008154905.91815,
      "corridor_count": 16701,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 279152718592.4452,
      "corridor_count": 16717,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 257531054773.73944,
      "corridor_count": 16903,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 279924757041.5953,
      "corridor_count": 17037,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 312666047931.66974,
      "corridor_count": 17466,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 304475037572.5476,
      "corridor_count": 17333,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs2": 73,
      "global_trade_usd": 276825238385.0401,
      "corridor_count": 16792,
      "active_hs6_count": 124
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
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      "global_trade_usd": 345569095722.81555,
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    {
      "year": 2022,
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    {
      "year": 2023,
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    },
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      "year": 2024,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:35:25",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
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      "distance_km": 2887,
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    {
      "hs_code": "731412",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: woven cloth, endless bands for machinery, of stainless steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731413",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: woven cloth, endless bands for machinery, (not of stainless steel)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731414",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: woven cloth, of stainless steel, (other than endless bands for machinery)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731419",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: woven cloth, other than of stainless steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731420",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at intersections, of wire with a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 3mm or more and mesh size 100cm2 or more"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731430",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at intersections, n.e.s. in item no. 7314.2"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731431",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at the intersection, n.e.c. in item no. 7314.20, plated or coated with zinc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731439",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, welded at the intersection, n.e.c. in item no. 7314.20, (other than plated or coated with zinc)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731441",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, plated or coated with zinc"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731442",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, coated with plastic"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731449",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel wire: grill, netting and fencing, coated with materials other than zinc or plastic"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731450",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: expanded metal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731511",
      "product_name": "Chain: articulated link, roller, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731512",
      "product_name": "Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731519",
      "product_name": "Chain: articulated link parts, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731520",
      "product_name": "Chain: skid, articulated link chain and parts thereof, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731581",
      "product_name": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731582",
      "product_name": "Chain: welded link chain, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731589",
      "product_name": "Chain: n.e.c. in heading no. 7315, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731590",
      "product_name": "Chain: parts n.e.c. in heading no. 7315, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731600",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: anchors, grapnels and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731700",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: nails, tacks, drawing pins, corrugated nails, staples (not those of heading no. 8305) and the like, with heads of other material or not, but excluding articles with heads of copper"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731811",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: threaded coach screws"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731812",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: threaded wood screws other than coach screws"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731813",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: threaded screw hooks and screw rings"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731814",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: threaded self-tapping screws"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731815",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: threaded screws and bolts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1, whether or not with their nuts or washers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731816",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: threaded nuts"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731819",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: threaded screws, bolts and nuts n.e.s. in item no. 7318.1"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731821",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: non-threaded spring washers and other lock washers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731822",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: non-threaded washers, excluding spring and lock"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731823",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: non-threaded rivets"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731824",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: non-threaded cotters and cotter-pins"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731829",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: non-threaded articles, n.e.c. in item no. 7318.2"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731910",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: sewing, darning or embroidery needles, for use in the hand"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731920",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: safety pins"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731930",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: pins, other than safety"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731940",
      "product_name": "Safety pins and other pins: of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "731990",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: knitting needles, bodkins, crochet hooks and similar articles, for use in the hand, n.e.s. in heading no. 7319"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732010",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: leaf-springs and leaves therefor"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732020",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: helical springs and leaves for springs"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732090",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: springs n.e.c. in heading no. 7320"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732111",
      "product_name": "Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for gas fuel or for both gas and other fuels, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732112",
      "product_name": "Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for liquid fuel, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732113",
      "product_name": "Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for solid fuel, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732119",
      "product_name": "Cooking appliances and plate warmers: for solid fuel and fuels other than gas or liquid, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732181",
      "product_name": "Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for gas fuel or for both gas and other fuels, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732182",
      "product_name": "Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for liquid fuel, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732183",
      "product_name": "Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for solid fuel, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732189",
      "product_name": "Domestic appliances: non-electric, (other than cookers and plate warmers), for solid fuel and fuels other than gas or liquid, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732190",
      "product_name": "Domestic appliances: non-electric, parts thereof, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732211",
      "product_name": "Radiators and parts thereof: for central heating, (not electrically heated), of cast iron"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732219",
      "product_name": "Radiators and parts thereof: for central heating, (not electrically heated), of iron or steel other than cast iron"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732290",
      "product_name": "Air heaters and hot air distributors, (not electrically heated), incorporating a motor-driven fan or blower and parts thereof, of iron or steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732310",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: wool, pot scourers and scouring or polishing pads, gloves and the like"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732391",
      "product_name": "Cast iron: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, of cast iron, not enamelled"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732392",
      "product_name": "Cast iron: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, of cast iron, enamelled"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732393",
      "product_name": "Steel, stainless: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732394",
      "product_name": "Iron (excluding cast) or steel: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, enamelled"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732399",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: table, kitchen and other household articles and parts thereof, of iron or steel n.e.s. in heading no. 7323"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732410",
      "product_name": "Steel: sinks and wash basins, of stainless steel"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732421",
      "product_name": "Cast iron, baths, whether or not enamelled"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732429",
      "product_name": "Iron (other than cast) or steel: baths"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732490",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: sanitary ware and parts thereof, excluding sinks, wash basins and baths"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732510",
      "product_name": "Iron: articles of non-malleable cast iron"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732591",
      "product_name": "Iron: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732599",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732611",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, forged or stamped, but not further worked"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732619",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in item no. 7326.11, forged or stamped, but not further worked"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732620",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: wire articles"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "732690",
      "product_name": "Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 7326"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}