{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Printed books and newspapers (HS2 49) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the printed books and newspapers sector at HS2 49, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/49/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "sector": {
    "hs2": "49",
    "name": "Printed books and newspapers"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The printed books and newspapers sector recorded $38.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +0.1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 38842547703.07556,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 0.12985850569454427,
    "activeExporters": 199,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 19
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -0.15175303743500956,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 0.27603745838593596,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 46875301972.44385,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2008,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1507.8186866051933,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 812.1833476333753,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.21381183520066427
  },
  "annualRows": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 21451047412.43767,
      "corridor_count": 7939,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 22362788025.707867,
      "corridor_count": 8117,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 22378466621.149025,
      "corridor_count": 8166,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 22769375374.410507,
      "corridor_count": 8581,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 24486469586.427765,
      "corridor_count": 9008,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 24966112386.34903,
      "corridor_count": 11437,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 25304893681.046368,
      "corridor_count": 11652,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 26261468663.990395,
      "corridor_count": 11950,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 29884003397.387028,
      "corridor_count": 12182,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 33255745150.484234,
      "corridor_count": 12678,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 35502183311.50786,
      "corridor_count": 13112,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 37484650417.723976,
      "corridor_count": 13437,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 43141382750.42225,
      "corridor_count": 13895,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 46875301972.44385,
      "corridor_count": 14078,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 41668503778.57975,
      "corridor_count": 14243,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 42415506781.20503,
      "corridor_count": 14490,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 44348504663.57748,
      "corridor_count": 14764,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 41035942477.2738,
      "corridor_count": 15077,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 40982146786.17252,
      "corridor_count": 14840,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 41001863207.274826,
      "corridor_count": 15255,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 36518259371.89197,
      "corridor_count": 15234,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 35372792738.93861,
      "corridor_count": 15273,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 36081595509.73981,
      "corridor_count": 15238,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 38514378218.06669,
      "corridor_count": 15364,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 38310858868.24995,
      "corridor_count": 15124,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 34335841299.35737,
      "corridor_count": 14616,
      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 39019920004.133766,
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    },
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      "year": 2022,
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      "corridor_count": 15256,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
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      "global_trade_usd": 37146791754.657875,
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      "active_hs6_count": 19
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "hs2": 49,
      "global_trade_usd": 38842547703.07556,
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    }
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      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1835334746.8210876,
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.0573215735572914,
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 11883,
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      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:35:25",
      "exporter_name": "China",
      "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
    },
    {
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      "exporter_name": "United Arab Emirates",
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      "trend_label": "Growing",
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      "distance_km": 556,
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      "exporter_name": "Canada",
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    },
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      "hs2": 49,
      "corridor_rank": 8,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
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      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 672793790.6995468,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 751881831.5767128,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.47268094385741,
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.721117332276736,
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      "trend_label": "Declining",
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      "distance_km": 674,
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
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      "trend_label": "Stable",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 174,
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      "exporter_name": "Netherlands",
      "importer_name": "Belgium"
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      "corridor_rank": 10,
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 524,
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Austria"
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      "export_partner_count": 200,
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      "country_name": "China"
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      "export_partner_count": 185,
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      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": 654857252.5951209,
      "export_partner_count": 189,
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      "active_hs6_count": 19,
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    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": 635801083.2134552,
      "export_partner_count": 176,
      "import_partner_count": 120,
      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "Italy"
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      "export_partner_count": 176,
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      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "Spain"
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      "export_partner_count": 185,
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      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 654857252.5951209,
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      "country_name": "Canada"
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      "country_name": "China"
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      "export_partner_count": 49,
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      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "Armenia"
    },
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      "trade_balance_usd": 266671170.4920504,
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    },
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      "imports_usd": 1185871564.3502777,
      "trade_balance_usd": -817414117.1549592,
      "export_partner_count": 178,
      "import_partner_count": 153,
      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "imports_usd": 1149863612.673717,
      "trade_balance_usd": -432015059.987195,
      "export_partner_count": 182,
      "import_partner_count": 141,
      "active_hs6_count": 19,
      "country_name": "Belgium"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "490110",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: in single sheets, whether or not folded"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490191",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: dictionaries, encyclopaedias and serial instalments thereof"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490199",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter n.e.c. in item no. 4901.10 or 4901.91"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490210",
      "product_name": "Newspapers, journals and periodicals: whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material, appearing at least four times a week"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490290",
      "product_name": "Newspapers, journals and periodicals: whether or not illustrated or containing advertising material, appearing less frequently than four times a week"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490300",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: children\\'s picture, drawing or colouring books"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490400",
      "product_name": "Music: printed or in manuscript, whether or not bound or illustrated"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490510",
      "product_name": "Globes: printed"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490520",
      "product_name": "Maps and hydrographic or similar charts: printed in book form, including atlases, topographical plans and similar"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490590",
      "product_name": "Maps and hydrographic or similar charts: (printed other than in book form), including wall maps, topographical plans and similar"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490591",
      "product_name": "Maps and hydrographic or similar charts: printed in book form, including atlases, topographical plans and similar"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490599",
      "product_name": "Maps and hydrographic or similar charts: (printed other than in book form), including wall maps, topographical plans and similar"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490600",
      "product_name": "Plans and drawings: for architectural, engineering, industrial, commercial, topographical or similar, being originals drawn by hand: hand-written texts: photo- graphic reproductions: their carbon copies"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490700",
      "product_name": "Unused postage, revenue or similar stamps of current or new issue in the country in which they have, or will have, a recognised face value: stamp-impressed paper: cheque forms: banknotes, stock, share or bond certificates and the like of similar title"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490810",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: transfers (decalcomanias), vitrifiable"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490890",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: transfers (decalcomanias), other than vitrifiable"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "490900",
      "product_name": "Printed or illustrated postcards: printed cards bearing personal greetings, messages or announcements, whether or not illustrated, with or without envelopes or trimmings"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "491000",
      "product_name": "Calendars: printed, of any kind, including calendar blocks"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "491110",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: trade advertising material, commercial catalogues and the like"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "491191",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: pictures, designs and photographs, n.e.c. in item no. 4911.10"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "491199",
      "product_name": "Printed matter: n.e.c. in heading no. 4911"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}