{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Cork (HS2 45) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the cork sector at HS2 45, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/45",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks",
    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/45/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/45/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/45/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/45/index.ld.json",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
  },
  "sector": {
    "hs2": "45",
    "name": "Cork"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The cork sector recorded $2.1B in reported global trade in 2024, with -14.9% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2109823409.5127583,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -14.948591212474314,
    "activeExporters": 145,
    "activeImporters": 196,
    "activeHs6Products": 7
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -1.5835588630070174,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 1.178785979945829,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 2355223125.0411787,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2023,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 3576.228057973817,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1992.0850908244663,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.19749140434786394
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs2": 45,
      "global_trade_usd": 1035124154.8925873,
      "corridor_count": 1972,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 1996,
      "hs2": 45,
      "global_trade_usd": 1089974870.9107144,
      "corridor_count": 1905,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
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      "year": 1997,
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      "corridor_count": 2025,
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    },
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      "year": 1998,
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    },
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      "year": 1999,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2000,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1458586382.6051557,
      "corridor_count": 2718,
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    },
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      "year": 2001,
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    },
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      "year": 2002,
      "hs2": 45,
      "global_trade_usd": 1417594188.3469052,
      "corridor_count": 2763,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2003,
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      "corridor_count": 2849,
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    },
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      "year": 2004,
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      "year": 2007,
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      "year": 2008,
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      "corridor_count": 3462,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2010,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1669854102.92584,
      "corridor_count": 3240,
      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2011,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1861108986.5760822,
      "corridor_count": 3446,
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    },
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      "year": 2012,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7
    },
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      "year": 2013,
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    },
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      "year": 2014,
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    },
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      "year": 2015,
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      "year": 2017,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
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      "year": 2019,
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      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 79.3103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.981693756000727,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "active_hs6_count": 6,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 8686,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848485,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1360029642040404,
      "preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0049934589580525246,
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      "importer_name": "Mexico"
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      "corridor_rank": 10,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
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      "exports_latest_usd": 41885284.02999973,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 47725137.51760096,
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      "exporter_name": "Spain",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 43724748.26535326,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -63228782.94206529,
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      "country_name": "Germany"
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      "export_partner_count": 130,
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      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "imports_usd": 6435796.770429284,
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      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
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      "trade_balance_usd": 4585972.624217328,
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      "import_partner_count": 54,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Poland"
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  "importers": [
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      "trade_balance_usd": -197865474.7212453,
      "export_partner_count": 135,
      "import_partner_count": 72,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "France"
    },
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      "export_partner_count": 130,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 932512668.1436942,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 184878541.8465315,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -156046389.55974567,
      "export_partner_count": 112,
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    },
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      "import_partner_count": 59,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 66272313.43912753,
      "trade_balance_usd": -62756155.26000982,
      "export_partner_count": 17,
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      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
    },
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "MEX",
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      "imports_usd": 65813290.906457946,
      "trade_balance_usd": -63249743.29642617,
      "export_partner_count": 49,
      "import_partner_count": 33,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Mexico"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
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      "exports_usd": 13278788.077338701,
      "imports_usd": 59477008.29828836,
      "trade_balance_usd": -46198220.22094966,
      "export_partner_count": 112,
      "import_partner_count": 48,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHL",
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      "exports_usd": 3869327.084768026,
      "imports_usd": 37600299.01314463,
      "trade_balance_usd": -33730971.9283766,
      "export_partner_count": 18,
      "import_partner_count": 32,
      "active_hs6_count": 7,
      "country_name": "Chile"
    }
  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "450110",
      "product_name": "Cork: natural cork, raw or simply prepared"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "450190",
      "product_name": "Cork: waste cork, crushed, granulated or ground cork"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "450200",
      "product_name": "Cork: natural cork, debacked or roughly squared, or in rectangular (including square) blocks, plates, sheets or strip, (including sharp-edged blanks for corks or stoppers)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "450310",
      "product_name": "Cork: corks and stoppers, of natural cork"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "450390",
      "product_name": "Cork: articles of natural cork other than corks and stoppers"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "450410",
      "product_name": "Cork: blocks, plates, sheets and strip, tiles of any shape, solid cylinders (including discs), of agglomerated cork (with or without a binding substance)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "450490",
      "product_name": "Cork: articles of agglomerated cork (with or without a binding substance), n.e.s. in heading no. 4504"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}