# Raw hides and skins (HS2 41) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks

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Raw hides and skins at HS2 41, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41

## Answer

The raw hides and skins sector recorded $16.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with -4.6% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $16.5B |
| Latest annual change | -4.6% |
| Active exporters | 175 |
| Active importers | 190 |
| Active HS6 products | 37 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $21.1B | 4,393 | 37 |
| 1996 | $21.3B | 4,409 | 37 |
| 1997 | $21.3B | 4,526 | 37 |
| 1998 | $18.8B | 4,372 | 37 |
| 1999 | $17.5B | 4,585 | 37 |
| 2000 | $21.1B | 4,989 | 37 |
| 2001 | $22.8B | 5,130 | 37 |
| 2002 | $21.9B | 5,132 | 37 |
| 2003 | $23.0B | 5,047 | 37 |
| 2004 | $24.8B | 5,171 | 37 |
| 2005 | $24.8B | 5,297 | 37 |
| 2006 | $27.1B | 5,334 | 37 |
| 2007 | $29.5B | 5,434 | 37 |
| 2008 | $27.8B | 5,408 | 37 |
| 2009 | $19.5B | 5,200 | 37 |
| 2010 | $27.3B | 5,360 | 37 |
| 2011 | $31.2B | 5,546 | 37 |
| 2012 | $30.2B | 5,606 | 37 |
| 2013 | $33.9B | 5,588 | 37 |
| 2014 | $35.4B | 5,692 | 37 |
| 2015 | $29.9B | 5,603 | 37 |
| 2016 | $26.1B | 5,599 | 37 |
| 2017 | $25.7B | 5,579 | 37 |
| 2018 | $24.1B | 5,656 | 37 |
| 2019 | $19.7B | 5,559 | 37 |
| 2020 | $14.6B | 5,165 | 37 |
| 2021 | $18.8B | 5,339 | 37 |
| 2022 | $18.5B | 5,328 | 37 |
| 2023 | $16.8B | 5,155 | 37 |
| 2024 | $16.5B | 5,178 | 37 |

## Growth and market structure

- Trend: Declining
- Three-year CAGR: -4.3%
- Five-year CAGR: -3.5%
- Historical peak: $35.4B in 2,014
- Positive-growth years: 48.3%
- Exporter concentration HHI: 1,780.4
- Importer concentration HHI: 1,788.8
- Trade volatility coefficient: 0.2

## Leading corridors

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 products | Distance | FTA |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | China | Viet Nam | $585.8M | +8.9% | 28 | 2,732 km | Yes |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | China | $515.8M | -9.4% | 27 | 11,883 km | No |
| 3 | Brazil | China | $418.6M | -3.2% | 17 | 18,570 km | No |
| 4 | Italy | France | $329.3M | +5.6% | 33 | 1,106 km | Yes |
| 5 | Australia | China | $328.7M | -0.9% | 20 | 8,024 km | Yes |
| 6 | France | Italy | $301.2M | +1.6% | 33 | 1,106 km | Yes |
| 7 | Italy | China | $249.7M | -9.3% | 31 | 9,138 km | No |
| 8 | Italy | Spain | $245.1M | +8.7% | 34 | 1,366 km | Yes |
| 9 | Thailand | Viet Nam | $228.0M | +8.8% | 20 | 745 km | Yes |
| 10 | Italy | Viet Nam | $202.6M | -5.8% | 27 | 9,564 km | Yes |

## Leading exporters

| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | Italy | $3.1B | 128 | 37 |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $1.4B | 129 | 37 |
| 3 | Brazil | $1.3B | 91 | 37 |
| 4 | China | $1.3B | 153 | 37 |
| 5 | Thailand | $698.8M | 85 | 37 |
| 6 | Spain | $596.7M | 108 | 37 |
| 7 | Germany | $572.6M | 117 | 37 |
| 8 | France | $502.4M | 109 | 37 |
| 9 | Viet Nam | $489.2M | 59 | 37 |
| 10 | Australia | $470.7M | 69 | 35 |

## Leading importers

| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | China | $2.8B | 111 | 37 |
| 2 | Italy | $1.9B | 114 | 37 |
| 3 | Viet Nam | $1.9B | 67 | 37 |
| 4 | France | $829.1M | 98 | 37 |
| 5 | Indonesia | $621.6M | 91 | 36 |
| 6 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $562.3M | 94 | 37 |
| 7 | Mexico | $515.9M | 59 | 36 |
| 8 | Germany | $506.1M | 96 | 37 |
| 9 | Thailand | $485.3M | 86 | 37 |
| 10 | Spain | $475.4M | 93 | 37 |

## HS6 products

- Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine animals, weight per skin not exceeding 8kg when simply dried, 10kg when dry-salted or 14kg when fresh, wet-salted or otherwise preserved (HS6 410110)
- Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin not exceeding 8kg when simply dried, 10kg when dry-salted or 14kg when fresh, wet-salted or otherwise preserved (HS6 410120)
- Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine animals, fresh or wet-salted, weight per skin exceeding 14kg (HS6 410121)
- Hides and skins: raw, of bovine animals, fresh or wet-salted, butts and bends (HS6 410122)
- Hides and skins: raw, of bovine animals, fresh or wet-salted, other than whole, but not butts or bends (HS6 410129)
- Hides and skins: raw, of bovine animals, preserved in ways n.e.s. in heading no. 4101 (HS6 410130)
- Hides and skins: raw, of equine animals, fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved (excluding tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split (HS6 410140)
- Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin exceeding 16 kg (HS6 410150)
- Hides and skins: other than whole, but including butts, bends and bellies, of bovine (including. buffalo) and equine animals, fresh, salted or preserved, but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split (HS6 410190)
- Skins: raw, of sheep or lambs, fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), with wool on (HS6 410210)
- Skins: raw, of sheep or lambs, pickled (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further preserved), without wool on (HS6 410221)
- Hides and skins: raw, of animals n.e.c. in this chapter, fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split (HS6 410229)
- Hides and skins: raw, of goats or kids (fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split (HS6 410310)
- Hides and skins: raw, of reptiles (fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split (HS6 410320)
- Hides and skins: raw, of swine, (fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split (HS6 410330)
- Hides and skins: raw, of animals n.e.c. in this chapter, fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split (HS6 410390)
- Leather: whole bovine skin, without hair on, of a unit surface area not exceeding 28 square feet (2.6m2), excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410410)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit: grain splits (HS6 410411)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue), excluding full grains, unsplit: grain splits (HS6 410419)
- Leather: bovine, without hair on, vegetable pre-tanned, (but not further prepared), whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410421)
- Leather: bovine, without hair on, pre-tanned, (not vegetable pre-tanned), but not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410422)
- Leather: bovine and equine n.e.s. in heading no. 4104, without hair on, tanned or retanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410429)
- Leather: bovine and equine, without hair on, parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning, full grains and grain splits, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410431)
- Leather: bovine and equine, without hair on,( excluding full grains and grain splits), parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410439)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit: grain splits (HS6 410441)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit: grain splits) (HS6 410449)
- Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state ( including wet blue) (HS6 410510)
- Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, tanned or retanned (but not further prepared), vegetable pre-tanned, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410511)
- Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, tanned or retanned (but not further prepared), pre-tanned (not vegetable pre-tanned), whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410512)
- Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, tanned or retanned (but not further prepared), whether or not split, n.e.s. in heading no. 4105 (not pre-tanned), excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410519)
- Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410520)
- Tanned or crust skins: of sheep or lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust) (HS6 410530)
- Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, vegetable pre-tanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410611)
- Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, pre-tanned (not vegetable pre-tanned) not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410612)
- Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, tanned or retanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, n.e.s. in heading no. 4106 (not pre-tanned), excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410619)
- Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109 (HS6 410620)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet-blue) (HS6 410621)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust) (HS6 410622)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: of swine, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet blue) (HS6 410631)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: of swine, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust) (HS6 410632)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: of reptiles, whether or not split, but not further prepared (HS6 410640)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: of animals other than equine, ovine, bovine, goats or kids, swine and reptiles, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet blue) (HS6 410691)
- Tanned or crust hides and skins: of animals other than equine, ovine, bovine, goats or kids, swine and reptiles, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust) (HS6 410692)
- Leather: of swine, without hair on, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109 (HS6 410710)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, whole hides and skins, full grain, unsplit (HS6 410711)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, whole hides and skins, grain splits (HS6 410712)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, split or not, other than leather of heading 41.14, (other than grain splits and full grains, unsplit) (HS6 410719)
- Leather: of reptiles, without hair on, vegetable pre-tanned, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109 (HS6 410721)
- Leather: of reptiles, without hair on, other than vegetable pre-tanned, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109 (HS6 410729)
- Leather: of animals n.e.s. in chapter 41, without hair on, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109 (HS6 410790)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, not whole hides and skins, but including sides, full grain, unsplit (HS6 410791)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, not whole hides and skins, but including sides, grain splits (HS6 410792)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits) (HS6 410799)
- Leather: chamois (including combination chamois) leather (HS6 410800)
- Leather: patent and patent laminated leather, metallised leather (HS6 410900)
- Leather or composition leather: parings and other waste (not suitable for the manufacture of leather articles), leather dust, powder and flour (HS6 411000)
- Leather: composition leather, with a basis of leather or leather fibres, in slabs, sheets or strip, whether or not in rolls (HS6 411100)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment dressed leather, of sheep or lamb, without wool on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14 (HS6 411200)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of goats and kids (HS6 411310)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of swine (HS6 411320)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of reptiles, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14 (HS6 411330)
- Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of animals (other than sheep and lambs, goats and kids, swine and reptiles), without wool or hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14 (HS6 411390)
- Leather: chamois (including combination chamois) (HS6 411410)
- Leather: patent leather and laminated patent leather: metallised leather (HS6 411420)
- Leather: composition leather with a basis of leather or leather fibre, in slabs, sheets or strip, whether or not in rolls (HS6 411510)
- Leather: parings and other waste, of leather or composition leather: not suitable for the manufacture of leather articles: leather dust, powder and flour (HS6 411520)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024. The data release was refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:08.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

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