{ "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview", "source": "api", "title": "Raw hides and skins (HS2 41) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks", "description": "Review reported global trade for the raw hides and skins sector at HS2 41, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.", "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks", "sameAs": [ "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" ] }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-27", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-27" } ] }, "links": { "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/41/index.ld.json", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "internalLinks": { "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app", "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai" }, "sector": { "hs2": "41", "name": "Raw hides and skins" }, "coverage": { "firstDataYear": 1995, "latestDataYear": 2024, "yearsWithData": 30, "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08" }, "answer": "The raw hides and skins sector recorded $16.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with -4.6% annual change.", "keyFigures": { "latestTradeUsd": 16491517725.821991, "latestAnnualChangePct": -4.6209550491355715, "activeExporters": 175, "activeImporters": 190, "activeHs6Products": 37 }, "growthAndStructure": { "trendLabel": "Declining", "tradeCagr3yPct": -4.250717180498286, "tradeCagr5yPct": -3.5045946760960733, "historicalPeakUsd": 35423337759.113815, "historicalPeakYear": 2014, "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 48.275862068965516, "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1780.4170754417573, "importerConcentrationHhi": 1788.8021327917593, "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.22099841681384932 }, "annualRows": [ { "year": 1995, 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"hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 572581131.6250564, "imports_usd": 506082055.7852748, "trade_balance_usd": 66499075.83978158, "export_partner_count": 117, "import_partner_count": 96, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "Germany" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "FRA", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 502400701.2958483, "imports_usd": 829081951.0894716, "trade_balance_usd": -326681249.79362327, "export_partner_count": 109, "import_partner_count": 98, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "France" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "VNM", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 489236395.53349996, "imports_usd": 1852035356.4813075, "trade_balance_usd": -1362798960.9478076, "export_partner_count": 59, "import_partner_count": 67, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "Viet Nam" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "AUS", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 470732871.9693097, "imports_usd": 40581357.401913576, "trade_balance_usd": 430151514.5673961, "export_partner_count": 69, "import_partner_count": 52, "active_hs6_count": 35, "country_name": "Australia" } ], "importers": [ { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "CHN", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 1252708714.5260713, "imports_usd": 2845051987.5032725, "trade_balance_usd": -1592343272.9772012, "export_partner_count": 153, "import_partner_count": 111, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "China" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ITA", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 3142817613.3312044, "imports_usd": 1862836919.8623521, "trade_balance_usd": 1279980693.4688523, "export_partner_count": 128, "import_partner_count": 114, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "Italy" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "VNM", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 489236395.53349996, "imports_usd": 1852035356.4813075, "trade_balance_usd": -1362798960.9478076, "export_partner_count": 59, "import_partner_count": 67, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "Viet Nam" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "FRA", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 502400701.2958483, "imports_usd": 829081951.0894716, "trade_balance_usd": -326681249.79362327, "export_partner_count": 109, "import_partner_count": 98, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "France" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "IDN", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 98696092.597774, "imports_usd": 621580347.4610914, "trade_balance_usd": -522884254.8633174, "export_partner_count": 62, "import_partner_count": 91, "active_hs6_count": 36, "country_name": "Indonesia" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "USA", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 1394589372.9427538, "imports_usd": 562262712.0735127, "trade_balance_usd": 832326660.8692411, "export_partner_count": 129, "import_partner_count": 94, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "MEX", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 207600099.48608854, "imports_usd": 515868436.63875777, "trade_balance_usd": -308268337.1526692, "export_partner_count": 57, "import_partner_count": 59, "active_hs6_count": 36, "country_name": "Mexico" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "DEU", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 572581131.6250564, "imports_usd": 506082055.7852748, "trade_balance_usd": 66499075.83978158, "export_partner_count": 117, "import_partner_count": 96, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "Germany" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "THA", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 698837825.4040169, "imports_usd": 485262661.1226528, "trade_balance_usd": 213575164.28136402, "export_partner_count": 85, "import_partner_count": 86, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "Thailand" }, { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "hs2": 41, "exports_usd": 596669209.1831977, "imports_usd": 475372842.5312356, "trade_balance_usd": 121296366.65196216, "export_partner_count": 108, "import_partner_count": 93, "active_hs6_count": 37, "country_name": "Spain" } ], "products": [ { "hs_code": "410110", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine animals, weight per skin not exceeding 8kg when simply dried, 10kg when dry-salted or 14kg when fresh, wet-salted or otherwise preserved" }, { "hs_code": "410120", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin not exceeding 8kg when simply dried, 10kg when dry-salted or 14kg when fresh, wet-salted or otherwise preserved" }, { "hs_code": "410121", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine animals, fresh or wet-salted, weight per skin exceeding 14kg" }, { "hs_code": "410122", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of bovine animals, fresh or wet-salted, butts and bends" }, { "hs_code": "410129", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of bovine animals, fresh or wet-salted, other than whole, but not butts or bends" }, { "hs_code": "410130", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of bovine animals, preserved in ways n.e.s. in heading no. 4101" }, { "hs_code": "410140", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of equine animals, fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved (excluding tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split" }, { "hs_code": "410150", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, whole, of bovine or equine animals, of a weight per skin exceeding 16 kg" }, { "hs_code": "410190", "product_name": "Hides and skins: other than whole, but including butts, bends and bellies, of bovine (including. buffalo) and equine animals, fresh, salted or preserved, but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split" }, { "hs_code": "410210", "product_name": "Skins: raw, of sheep or lambs, fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), with wool on" }, { "hs_code": "410221", "product_name": "Skins: raw, of sheep or lambs, pickled (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further preserved), without wool on" }, { "hs_code": "410229", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of animals n.e.c. in this chapter, fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split" }, { "hs_code": "410310", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of goats or kids (fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split" }, { "hs_code": "410320", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of reptiles (fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split" }, { "hs_code": "410330", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of swine, (fresh or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split" }, { "hs_code": "410390", "product_name": "Hides and skins: raw, of animals n.e.c. in this chapter, fresh, salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, (but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared), whether or not dehaired or split" }, { "hs_code": "410410", "product_name": "Leather: whole bovine skin, without hair on, of a unit surface area not exceeding 28 square feet (2.6m2), excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410411", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: without hair on, bovine or equine, in the wet state (including wet blue), full grains, unsplit: grain splits" }, { "hs_code": "410419", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the wet state (including wet blue), excluding full grains, unsplit: grain splits" }, { "hs_code": "410421", "product_name": "Leather: bovine, without hair on, vegetable pre-tanned, (but not further prepared), whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410422", "product_name": "Leather: bovine, without hair on, pre-tanned, (not vegetable pre-tanned), but not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410429", "product_name": "Leather: bovine and equine n.e.s. in heading no. 4104, without hair on, tanned or retanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410431", "product_name": "Leather: bovine and equine, without hair on, parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning, full grains and grain splits, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410439", "product_name": "Leather: bovine and equine, without hair on,( excluding full grains and grain splits), parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410441", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), full grains, unsplit: grain splits" }, { "hs_code": "410449", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: bovine or equine, without hair on, in the dry state (crust), (other than full grains, unsplit: grain splits)" }, { "hs_code": "410510", "product_name": "Tanned or crust skins of sheep and lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state ( including wet blue)" }, { "hs_code": "410511", "product_name": "Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, tanned or retanned (but not further prepared), vegetable pre-tanned, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410512", "product_name": "Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, tanned or retanned (but not further prepared), pre-tanned (not vegetable pre-tanned), whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410519", "product_name": "Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, tanned or retanned (but not further prepared), whether or not split, n.e.s. in heading no. 4105 (not pre-tanned), excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410520", "product_name": "Leather: of sheep or lamb, without wool on, parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410530", "product_name": "Tanned or crust skins: of sheep or lambs, without wool on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)" }, { "hs_code": "410611", "product_name": "Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, vegetable pre-tanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410612", "product_name": "Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, pre-tanned (not vegetable pre-tanned) not further prepared, whether or not split, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410619", "product_name": "Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, tanned or retanned but not further prepared, whether or not split, n.e.s. in heading no. 4106 (not pre-tanned), excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410620", "product_name": "Leather: goat or kid skin, without hair on, parchment-dressed or prepared after tanning excluding leather of heading no. 4108 and 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410621", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet-blue)" }, { "hs_code": "410622", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of goats or kids, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)" }, { "hs_code": "410631", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of swine, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet blue)" }, { "hs_code": "410632", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of swine, without hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)" }, { "hs_code": "410640", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of reptiles, whether or not split, but not further prepared" }, { "hs_code": "410691", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of animals other than equine, ovine, bovine, goats or kids, swine and reptiles, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the wet state (including wet blue)" }, { "hs_code": "410692", "product_name": "Tanned or crust hides and skins: of animals other than equine, ovine, bovine, goats or kids, swine and reptiles, without wool or hair on, whether or not split, but not further prepared, in the dry state (crust)" }, { "hs_code": "410710", "product_name": "Leather: of swine, without hair on, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410711", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, whole hides and skins, full grain, unsplit" }, { "hs_code": "410712", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, whole hides and skins, grain splits" }, { "hs_code": "410719", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, split or not, other than leather of heading 41.14, (other than grain splits and full grains, unsplit)" }, { "hs_code": "410721", "product_name": "Leather: of reptiles, without hair on, vegetable pre-tanned, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410729", "product_name": "Leather: of reptiles, without hair on, other than vegetable pre-tanned, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410790", "product_name": "Leather: of animals n.e.s. in chapter 41, without hair on, excluding leather of heading no. 4108 or 4109" }, { "hs_code": "410791", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, not whole hides and skins, but including sides, full grain, unsplit" }, { "hs_code": "410792", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, without hair on, other than leather of heading 41.14, not whole hides and skins, but including sides, grain splits" }, { "hs_code": "410799", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, incl. parchment-dressed, of bovine (including buffalo) or equine animals, no hair, excluding leather of heading 41.14, and whole hides and skins, and sides, (full grains, unsplit and grain splits)" }, { "hs_code": "410800", "product_name": "Leather: chamois (including combination chamois) leather" }, { "hs_code": "410900", "product_name": "Leather: patent and patent laminated leather, metallised leather" }, { "hs_code": "411000", "product_name": "Leather or composition leather: parings and other waste (not suitable for the manufacture of leather articles), leather dust, powder and flour" }, { "hs_code": "411100", "product_name": "Leather: composition leather, with a basis of leather or leather fibres, in slabs, sheets or strip, whether or not in rolls" }, { "hs_code": "411200", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment dressed leather, of sheep or lamb, without wool on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14" }, { "hs_code": "411310", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of goats and kids" }, { "hs_code": "411320", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of swine" }, { "hs_code": "411330", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of reptiles, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14" }, { "hs_code": "411390", "product_name": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, of animals (other than sheep and lambs, goats and kids, swine and reptiles), without wool or hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14" }, { "hs_code": "411410", "product_name": "Leather: chamois (including combination chamois)" }, { "hs_code": "411420", "product_name": "Leather: patent leather and laminated patent leather: metallised leather" }, { "hs_code": "411510", "product_name": "Leather: composition leather with a basis of leather or leather fibre, in slabs, sheets or strip, whether or not in rolls" }, { "hs_code": "411520", "product_name": "Leather: parings and other waste, of leather or composition leather: not suitable for the manufacture of leather articles: leather dust, powder and flour" } ], "methodology": { "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.", "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.", "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed." } }