{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Dyes, paints and varnishes (HS2 32) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the dyes, paints and varnishes sector at HS2 32, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
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    "sameAs": [
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  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
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    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
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    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/32/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/32/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/32/index.json",
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    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
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  "sector": {
    "hs2": "32",
    "name": "Dyes, paints and varnishes"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The dyes, paints and varnishes sector recorded $87.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +1.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 87837904842.49515,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 1.4611683470322292,
    "activeExporters": 199,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 44
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  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": -2.0178560982715643,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 1.6504052087787269,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 93377266150.8264,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2021,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1405.1280306967437,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 512.8743515950081,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.3439691677200699
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      "year": 1998,
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      "year": 1999,
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      "year": 2002,
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      "year": 2003,
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      "year": 2008,
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      "year": 2010,
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      "year": 2011,
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      "year": 2012,
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    },
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      "year": 2013,
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      "year": 2014,
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      "year": 2015,
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    },
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      "year": 2018,
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Italy"
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      "hs2": 32,
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      "years_with_data": 30,
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      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 987739789.5895392,
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      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.03623876859964,
      "historical_peak_usd": 1143635892.3903,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 28.419690928210585,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": -11.982246748984126,
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      "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.05851249958114,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 579,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
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      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Netherlands"
    },
    {
      "hs2": 32,
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      "latest_data_year": 2024,
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      "exports_latest_usd": 807850837.3930061,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 799898360.754901,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 789079863.3276465,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 718244393.3568516,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.8150116965178977,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.4724689630336583,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.3282535035752394,
      "historical_peak_usd": 827929467.4312767,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "latest_below_peak_pct": 2.425161904258136,
      "yoy_growth_latest_pct": 2.5752817287955976,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.143265200093137,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 518,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08091394394890945,
      "mfn_tariff_pct": 0.09345920419547327,
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      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04595302958827163,
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:35:25",
      "exporter_name": "Germany",
      "importer_name": "Poland"
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      "country_name": "China"
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      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "country_name": "Japan"
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      "country_name": "India"
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      "trade_balance_usd": -175846448.28152514,
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      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "country_name": "France"
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      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "GBR",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 1036985193.025886,
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      "country_name": "United Kingdom"
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      "country_iso3": "ESP",
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      "exports_usd": 3194823237.339108,
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      "trade_balance_usd": 1056663254.0150356,
      "export_partner_count": 179,
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      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "country_name": "Spain"
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      "export_partner_count": 182,
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      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands"
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      "export_partner_count": 198,
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      "country_name": "China"
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      "country_name": "Mexico"
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      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "country_name": "Canada"
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      "country_name": "India"
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      "country_iso3": "BEL",
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      "trade_balance_usd": 437120349.98683786,
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      "active_hs6_count": 44,
      "country_name": "Belgium"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "320110",
      "product_name": "Tanning extracts of vegetable origin: quebracho extract"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320120",
      "product_name": "Tanning extracts of vegetable origin: wattle extract"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320130",
      "product_name": "Tanning extracts of vegetable origin: oak or chestnut extract"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320190",
      "product_name": "Tanning extracts of vegetable origin: tannins and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives, (excluding quebracho or wattle extract)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320210",
      "product_name": "Tanning substances: synthetic organic tanning substances"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320290",
      "product_name": "Tanning substances: inorganic tanning substances: tanning preparations, whether or not containing natural tanning substances: enzymatic preparations for pre- tanning"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320300",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin, including dyeing extracts not animal black, whether or not chemically defined: preparations based on colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320411",
      "product_name": "Dyes: disperse dyes and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320412",
      "product_name": "Dyes: acid, whether or not premetallised and preparations based thereon, mordant dyes and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320413",
      "product_name": "Dyes: basic dyes and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320414",
      "product_name": "Dyes: direct dyes and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320415",
      "product_name": "Dyes: vat dyes (including those usable in that state as pigments) and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320416",
      "product_name": "Dyes: reactive dyes and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320417",
      "product_name": "Dyes: pigments and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320418",
      "product_name": "Dyes: carotenoid colouring matters and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320419",
      "product_name": "Dyes: n.e.c., including mixtures of colouring matter of two or more of those from item no. 3204.11 to 3204.19"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320420",
      "product_name": "Dyes: synthetic organic products of a kind used as fluorescent brightening agents"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320490",
      "product_name": "Dyes: synthetic organic products n.e.s. in heading no. 3204 (eg of a kind used as luminophores), whether or not chemically defined"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320500",
      "product_name": "Colour lakes: preparations based on colour lakes as specified in note 3 to this chapter"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320610",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: pigments and preparations based on titanium dioxide"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320611",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: pigments and preparations based on titanium dioxide, containing 80% or more by weight of titanium dioxide calculated on the dry matter"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320619",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: pigments and preparations based on titanium dioxide, containing less than 80% by weight of titanium dioxide calculated on the dry weight"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320620",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: pigments and preparations based on chromium compounds"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320630",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: pigments and preparations based on cadmium compounds"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320641",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: ultramarine and preparations based thereon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320642",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: lithopone and other pigments and preparations based on zinc sulphide"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320643",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: pigments and preparations based on hexacyanoferrates (ferrocyanides and ferricyanides)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320649",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: other preparations n.e.c. in item no. 3206.4"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320650",
      "product_name": "Colouring matter: inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320710",
      "product_name": "Pigments: prepared pigments, opacifiers, colours and similar preparations"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320720",
      "product_name": "Enamels and glazes: vitrifiable enamels and glazes, engobes (slips) and similar preparations"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320730",
      "product_name": "Lustres: liquid lustres and similar preparations"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320740",
      "product_name": "Glass: glass frit and other glass, in the form of powder, granules or flakes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320810",
      "product_name": "Paints and varnishes: based on polyesters, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320820",
      "product_name": "Paints and varnishes: based on acrylic or vinyl polymers, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320890",
      "product_name": "Paints and varnishes: based on polymers n.e.s. in heading no. 3208, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320910",
      "product_name": "Paints and varnishes: based on acrylic or vinyl polymers, dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "320990",
      "product_name": "Paints and varnishes: (based on polymers other than acrylic or vinyl), dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321000",
      "product_name": "Paints and varnishes: (including enamels, lacquers and distempers), prepared water pigments of a kind used for finishing leather"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321100",
      "product_name": "Driers: prepared"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321210",
      "product_name": "Pigments: of a kind used in the manufacture of paints, stamping foils"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321290",
      "product_name": "Pigments: of a kind used in the manufacture of paints, other than stamping foils"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321310",
      "product_name": "Colours: in sets, of a kind used by artists, students or signboard painters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321390",
      "product_name": "Colours: (other than in sets), of a kind used by artists, students or signboard painters"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321410",
      "product_name": "Mastics: painters\\' fillings"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321490",
      "product_name": "Mastics: n.e.s. in heading no. 3214"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321511",
      "product_name": "Ink: for printing, black, whether or not concentrated or solid"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321519",
      "product_name": "Ink: for printing, other than black, whether or not concentrated or solid"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "321590",
      "product_name": "Ink: writing, drawing and other inks, n.e.c. in heading no. 3215, whether or not concentrated or solid"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}