# Mineral fuels (HS2 27) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks

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Mineral fuels at HS2 27, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/27

## Answer

The mineral fuels sector recorded $3.0T in reported global trade in 2024, with +1% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $3.0T |
| Latest annual change | +1% |
| Active exporters | 199 |
| Active importers | 200 |
| Active HS6 products | 43 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $357.2B | 6,695 | 43 |
| 1996 | $436.7B | 6,947 | 43 |
| 1997 | $441.1B | 7,147 | 43 |
| 1998 | $323.5B | 7,419 | 43 |
| 1999 | $412.3B | 7,889 | 43 |
| 2000 | $673.3B | 8,420 | 43 |
| 2001 | $618.7B | 8,816 | 43 |
| 2002 | $630.3B | 9,074 | 43 |
| 2003 | $787.3B | 9,247 | 43 |
| 2004 | $1.1T | 9,442 | 43 |
| 2005 | $1.5T | 9,799 | 43 |
| 2006 | $1.8T | 10,201 | 43 |
| 2007 | $2.0T | 10,246 | 43 |
| 2008 | $2.9T | 10,299 | 43 |
| 2009 | $1.8T | 10,644 | 43 |
| 2010 | $2.3T | 11,192 | 43 |
| 2011 | $3.2T | 11,447 | 43 |
| 2012 | $3.4T | 11,654 | 43 |
| 2013 | $3.3T | 11,457 | 43 |
| 2014 | $3.1T | 12,056 | 43 |
| 2015 | $1.9T | 12,000 | 43 |
| 2016 | $1.6T | 11,964 | 43 |
| 2017 | $2.0T | 12,086 | 43 |
| 2018 | $2.6T | 12,155 | 43 |
| 2019 | $2.4T | 12,155 | 43 |
| 2020 | $1.6T | 12,110 | 43 |
| 2021 | $2.6T | 12,076 | 43 |
| 2022 | $4.1T | 12,538 | 43 |
| 2023 | $3.3T | 12,505 | 43 |
| 2024 | $3.0T | 12,524 | 43 |

## Growth and market structure

- Trend: Growing
- Three-year CAGR: +4.2%
- Five-year CAGR: +4.4%
- Historical peak: $4.1T in 2,022
- Positive-growth years: 75.9%
- Exporter concentration HHI: 1,839.9
- Importer concentration HHI: 1,369.8
- Trade volatility coefficient: 0.6

## Leading corridors

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 products | Distance | FTA |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | Canada | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $127.8B | +5.5% | 38 | 556 km | Yes |
| 2 | Russia | China | $89.6B | +22.2% | 25 | 6,831 km | No |
| 3 | Russia | India | $55.6B | +140.2% | 20 | 4,341 km | No |
| 4 | Saudi Arabia | China | $46.1B | +1.8% | 14 | 7,253 km | No |
| 5 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Mexico | $35.3B | -5.4% | 40 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 6 | Malaysia | China | $35.2B | +28.3% | 20 | 3,737 km | Yes |
| 7 | Iraq | China | $34.6B | +11.2% | 4 | 7,085 km | No |
| 8 | Australia | Japan | $34.1B | +5.5% | 16 | 8,156 km | Yes |
| 9 | Netherlands | Belgium | $34.0B | +16.9% | 39 | 174 km | Yes |
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | Japan | $30.0B | -4.9% | 8 | 7,940 km | No |

## Leading exporters

| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $327.6B | 182 | 43 |
| 2 | Russia | $248.8B | 97 | 43 |
| 3 | Saudi Arabia | $220.5B | 115 | 43 |
| 4 | United Arab Emirates | $150.3B | 179 | 43 |
| 5 | Canada | $145.7B | 158 | 43 |
| 6 | Australia | $113.1B | 118 | 42 |
| 7 | Norway | $107.8B | 96 | 43 |
| 8 | Iraq | $103.2B | 63 | 33 |
| 9 | Netherlands | $92.0B | 180 | 43 |
| 10 | Qatar | $84.3B | 81 | 38 |

## Leading importers

| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | China | $447.5B | 131 | 43 |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $242.2B | 139 | 43 |
| 3 | India | $195.6B | 126 | 43 |
| 4 | Japan | $154.5B | 90 | 43 |
| 5 | Republic of Korea | $148.4B | 114 | 43 |
| 6 | Netherlands | $118.1B | 156 | 43 |
| 7 | Germany | $103.9B | 137 | 43 |
| 8 | Singapore | $88.9B | 129 | 43 |
| 9 | France | $85.3B | 148 | 43 |
| 10 | Italy | $82.5B | 115 | 42 |

## HS6 products

- Coal: anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated (HS6 270111)
- Coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated (HS6 270112)
- Coal: (other than anthracite and bituminous), whether or not pulverised but not agglomerated (HS6 270119)
- Briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels: manufactured from coal (HS6 270120)
- Lignite: whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, excluding jet (HS6 270210)
- Lignite: agglomerated, excluding jet (HS6 270220)
- Peat: (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated (HS6 270300)
- Coke and semi-coke: of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated: retort carbon (HS6 270400)
- Gases: coal, water, producer and similar gases (excluding petroleum and other gaseous hydrocarbons) (HS6 270500)
- Tar: distilled from coal, lignite or peat, and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled, including reconstituted tars (HS6 270600)
- Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: benzol (benzene) (HS6 270710)
- Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: toluole (HS6 270720)
- Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: xylol (xylenes) (HS6 270730)
- Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: naphthalene (HS6 270740)
- Aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures: n.e.c. in heading no. 2707, of which 65% or more by volume (including losses) distils at 250 degrees Celsius by the ISO 3405 method (equivalent to the ASTM D 86 method) (HS6 270750)
- Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: phenols (HS6 270760)
- Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: creosote oils (HS6 270791)
- Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: n.e.s. in heading no. 2707 (HS6 270799)
- Pitch: obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars (HS6 270810)
- Pitch coke: obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars (HS6 270820)
- Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude (HS6 270900)
- Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude: preparations n.e.c. containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals: these being the basic constituents of the preparations: waste oils (HS6 271000)
- Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, natural gas (HS6 271111)
- Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, propane (HS6 271112)
- Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, butanes (HS6 271113)
- Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, ethylene, propylene, butylene and butadiene (HS6 271114)
- Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711 (HS6 271119)
- Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: in gaseous state, natural gas (HS6 271121)
- Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: in gaseous state, other than natural gas (HS6 271129)
- Petroleum jelly (HS6 271210)
- Paraffin wax: containing by weight less than 0.75% of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured (HS6 271220)
- Paraffin wax: containing by weight 0.75% or more of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured (HS6 271290)
- Petroleum coke: (not calcined), obtained from bituminous minerals (HS6 271311)
- Petroleum coke: calcined, obtained from bituminous minerals (HS6 271312)
- Petroleum bitumen: obtained from bituminous minerals (HS6 271320)
- Residues: of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals (HS6 271390)
- Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands (HS6 271410)
- Bitumen and asphalt, natural: asphaltites and asphaltic rock (HS6 271490)
- Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs) (HS6 271500)
- Electrical energy (HS6 271600)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024. The data release was refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:08.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

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