{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Mineral fuels (HS2 27) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the mineral fuels sector at HS2 27, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/27",
  "publisher": {
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    "sameAs": [
      "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
    ]
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/27/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/27/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/27/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/27/index.ld.json",
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  },
  "internalLinks": {
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app",
    "platform": "https://www.yugalinks.com/platform",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage",
    "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai"
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  "sector": {
    "hs2": "27",
    "name": "Mineral fuels"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The mineral fuels sector recorded $3.0T in reported global trade in 2024, with +1% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 2952084335528.2563,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": 1.001510163839174,
    "activeExporters": 199,
    "activeImporters": 200,
    "activeHs6Products": 43
  },
  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Growing",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 4.184472463297362,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 4.427275360978533,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 4115513910530.211,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2022,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 75.86206896551724,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 1839.9255369095945,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1369.8291710012568,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5861967089215984
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      "year": 1995,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 357206096226.2547,
      "corridor_count": 6695,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 436664672247.28033,
      "corridor_count": 6947,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 441107039660.7094,
      "corridor_count": 7147,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 323477907446.81726,
      "corridor_count": 7419,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 412294940275.7317,
      "corridor_count": 7889,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 673280086433.5233,
      "corridor_count": 8420,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 618656213677.0953,
      "corridor_count": 8816,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 630277940172.1819,
      "corridor_count": 9074,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 787259440717.9492,
      "corridor_count": 9247,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1050464672845.1836,
      "corridor_count": 9442,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
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      "corridor_count": 9799,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
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      "year": 2006,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1811121349887.685,
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      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
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      "year": 2007,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 1998442106611.5208,
      "corridor_count": 10246,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
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      "global_trade_usd": 2883262878487.0957,
      "corridor_count": 10299,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 1787272547222.7039,
      "corridor_count": 10644,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 2332210342793.668,
      "corridor_count": 11192,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 3215698079101.073,
      "corridor_count": 11447,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 3357437187461.7656,
      "corridor_count": 11654,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 3255500054201.7783,
      "corridor_count": 11457,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
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      "global_trade_usd": 3052370798198.96,
      "corridor_count": 12056,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 1875474933821.983,
      "corridor_count": 12000,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1550093483969.2153,
      "corridor_count": 11964,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 2002571387495.3184,
      "corridor_count": 12086,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "hs2": 27,
      "global_trade_usd": 2562942135961.3516,
      "corridor_count": 12155,
      "active_hs6_count": 43
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
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    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
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      "global_trade_usd": 1612900309244.5085,
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      "active_hs6_count": 43
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    {
      "year": 2021,
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      "importer_iso3": "BEL",
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      "access_data_year": 2024,
      "distance_km": 174,
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      "exporter_name": "Netherlands",
      "importer_name": "Belgium"
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      "importer_name": "Japan"
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      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia"
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      "country_name": "United Arab Emirates"
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      "active_hs6_count": 43,
      "country_name": "Canada"
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      "import_partner_count": 92,
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      "active_hs6_count": 43,
      "country_name": "Norway"
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      "country_name": "Qatar"
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      "country_name": "India"
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      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
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      "active_hs6_count": 43,
      "country_name": "Germany"
    },
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      "export_partner_count": 172,
      "import_partner_count": 129,
      "active_hs6_count": 43,
      "country_name": "Singapore"
    },
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      "imports_usd": 85276214379.13707,
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      "country_name": "France"
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      "export_partner_count": 175,
      "import_partner_count": 115,
      "active_hs6_count": 42,
      "country_name": "Italy"
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "270111",
      "product_name": "Coal: anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270112",
      "product_name": "Coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270119",
      "product_name": "Coal: (other than anthracite and bituminous), whether or not pulverised but not agglomerated"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270120",
      "product_name": "Briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels: manufactured from coal"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270210",
      "product_name": "Lignite: whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, excluding jet"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270220",
      "product_name": "Lignite: agglomerated, excluding jet"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270300",
      "product_name": "Peat: (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270400",
      "product_name": "Coke and semi-coke: of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated: retort carbon"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270500",
      "product_name": "Gases: coal, water, producer and similar gases (excluding petroleum and other gaseous hydrocarbons)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270600",
      "product_name": "Tar: distilled from coal, lignite or peat, and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled, including reconstituted tars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270710",
      "product_name": "Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: benzol (benzene)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270720",
      "product_name": "Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: toluole"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270730",
      "product_name": "Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: xylol (xylenes)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270740",
      "product_name": "Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: naphthalene"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270750",
      "product_name": "Aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures: n.e.c. in heading no. 2707, of which 65% or more by volume (including losses) distils at 250 degrees Celsius by the ISO 3405 method (equivalent to the ASTM D 86 method)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270760",
      "product_name": "Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: phenols"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270791",
      "product_name": "Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: creosote oils"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270799",
      "product_name": "Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: n.e.s. in heading no. 2707"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270810",
      "product_name": "Pitch: obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270820",
      "product_name": "Pitch coke: obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "270900",
      "product_name": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271000",
      "product_name": "Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude: preparations n.e.c. containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals: these being the basic constituents of the preparations: waste oils"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271111",
      "product_name": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, natural gas"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271112",
      "product_name": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, propane"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271113",
      "product_name": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, butanes"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271114",
      "product_name": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, ethylene, propylene, butylene and butadiene"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271119",
      "product_name": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271121",
      "product_name": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: in gaseous state, natural gas"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271129",
      "product_name": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: in gaseous state, other than natural gas"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271210",
      "product_name": "Petroleum jelly"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271220",
      "product_name": "Paraffin wax: containing by weight less than 0.75% of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271290",
      "product_name": "Paraffin wax: containing by weight 0.75% or more of oil, obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271311",
      "product_name": "Petroleum coke: (not calcined), obtained from bituminous minerals"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271312",
      "product_name": "Petroleum coke: calcined, obtained from bituminous minerals"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271320",
      "product_name": "Petroleum bitumen: obtained from bituminous minerals"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271390",
      "product_name": "Residues: of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271410",
      "product_name": "Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271490",
      "product_name": "Bitumen and asphalt, natural: asphaltites and asphaltic rock"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271500",
      "product_name": "Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs)"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "271600",
      "product_name": "Electrical energy"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}