# Salt, sulphur, earths and stone (HS2 25) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks

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Salt, sulphur, earths and stone at HS2 25, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/25

## Answer

The salt, sulphur, earths and stone sector recorded $62.8B in reported global trade in 2024, with +1.6% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $62.8B |
| Latest annual change | +1.6% |
| Active exporters | 198 |
| Active importers | 200 |
| Active HS6 products | 68 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $17.4B | 5,771 | 68 |
| 1996 | $18.3B | 5,888 | 68 |
| 1997 | $18.5B | 5,873 | 68 |
| 1998 | $17.1B | 6,061 | 68 |
| 1999 | $18.4B | 6,625 | 68 |
| 2000 | $18.7B | 7,468 | 68 |
| 2001 | $18.4B | 7,697 | 68 |
| 2002 | $19.7B | 7,740 | 68 |
| 2003 | $22.5B | 7,929 | 68 |
| 2004 | $27.0B | 8,049 | 68 |
| 2005 | $30.0B | 8,186 | 68 |
| 2006 | $33.8B | 8,655 | 68 |
| 2007 | $39.0B | 8,893 | 68 |
| 2008 | $56.9B | 8,990 | 68 |
| 2009 | $36.4B | 8,929 | 68 |
| 2010 | $42.9B | 9,073 | 68 |
| 2011 | $51.1B | 9,332 | 68 |
| 2012 | $51.6B | 9,430 | 68 |
| 2013 | $51.0B | 9,526 | 68 |
| 2014 | $52.7B | 9,744 | 68 |
| 2015 | $47.6B | 9,702 | 68 |
| 2016 | $42.9B | 9,724 | 68 |
| 2017 | $47.3B | 9,888 | 68 |
| 2018 | $53.3B | 9,982 | 68 |
| 2019 | $50.0B | 9,865 | 68 |
| 2020 | $46.0B | 9,684 | 68 |
| 2021 | $58.9B | 10,070 | 68 |
| 2022 | $74.1B | 10,226 | 68 |
| 2023 | $73.2B | 10,140 | 68 |
| 2024 | $62.8B | 10,209 | 68 |

## Growth and market structure

- Trend: Stable
- Three-year CAGR: +2.2%
- Five-year CAGR: +4.6%
- Historical peak: $74.1B in 2,022
- Positive-growth years: 69%
- Exporter concentration HHI: 1,969.4
- Importer concentration HHI: 1,572.9
- Trade volatility coefficient: 0.4

## Leading corridors

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 products | Distance | FTA |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | Australia | China | $3.1B | +37.6% | 32 | 8,024 km | Yes |
| 2 | Canada | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $1.4B | -1.5% | 58 | 556 km | Yes |
| 3 | India | China | $898.5M | +2.4% | 44 | 4,252 km | No |
| 4 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Canada | $880.2M | +6.2% | 67 | 556 km | Yes |
| 5 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | China | $853.3M | +20.7% | 60 | 11,883 km | No |
| 6 | United Arab Emirates | India | $681.8M | +1.2% | 42 | 2,204 km | No |
| 7 | Jordan | India | $671.7M | +15.9% | 5 | 3,963 km | No |
| 8 | Germany | Netherlands | $647.6M | -0.3% | 64 | 579 km | Yes |
| 9 | Turkey | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $575.8M | +10.5% | 48 | 8,087 km | No |
| 10 | Turkey | China | $555.0M | -11.7% | 41 | 8,004 km | No |

## Leading exporters

| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | Australia | $4.0B | 136 | 66 |
| 2 | China | $3.7B | 197 | 68 |
| 3 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $3.7B | 176 | 68 |
| 4 | Turkey | $3.3B | 181 | 66 |
| 5 | Germany | $2.7B | 171 | 68 |
| 6 | India | $2.3B | 185 | 67 |
| 7 | United Arab Emirates | $2.2B | 145 | 68 |
| 8 | Viet Nam | $1.9B | 103 | 67 |
| 9 | Spain | $1.8B | 169 | 68 |
| 10 | Canada | $1.8B | 134 | 68 |

## Leading importers

| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | China | $10.1B | 149 | 68 |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $5.1B | 132 | 68 |
| 3 | India | $3.9B | 118 | 67 |
| 4 | Netherlands | $2.1B | 125 | 67 |
| 5 | Germany | $2.0B | 132 | 68 |
| 6 | Italy | $1.7B | 113 | 67 |
| 7 | France | $1.5B | 159 | 68 |
| 8 | Belgium | $1.3B | 104 | 67 |
| 9 | Japan | $1.3B | 95 | 66 |
| 10 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | $1.2B | 82 | 63 |

## HS6 products

- Salt (including table salt and denatured salt): pure sodium chloride whether or not in aqueous solution: sea water (HS6 250100)
- Iron pyrites: unroasted (HS6 250200)
- Sulphur of all kinds: other than sublimed, precipitated and colloidal sulphur (HS6 250300)
- Sulphur: crude or unrefined (HS6 250310)
- Sulphur: other kinds excluding crude, unrefined, sublimed, precipitated and colloidal (HS6 250390)
- Graphite: natural, in powder or in flakes (HS6 250410)
- Graphite: natural, in other forms, excluding powder or flakes (HS6 250490)
- Sands: natural, silica and quartz sands, whether or not coloured (HS6 250510)
- Sands: natural, (other than silica and quartz sands), whether or not coloured, (other than metal-bearing sands of chapter 26) (HS6 250590)
- Quartz: other than natural sands (HS6 250610)
- Quartzite: whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 250620)
- Quartzite: crude or roughly trimmed (HS6 250621)
- Quartzite: cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape, (excluding crude or roughly trimmed) (HS6 250629)
- Kaolin and other kaolinic clays: whether or not calcined (HS6 250700)
- Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806): bentonite, whether or not calcined (HS6 250810)
- Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806): decolourising (HS6 250820)
- Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806): fireclay, whether or not calcined (HS6 250830)
- Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806): n.e.c. in heading no. 2508, whether or not calcined (HS6 250840)
- Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806): andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite, whether or not calcined (HS6 250850)
- Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806): mullite (HS6 250860)
- Clays (excluding expanded clays of heading no. 6806): chamotte or dinas earths (HS6 250870)
- Chalk (HS6 250900)
- Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk: unground (HS6 251010)
- Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk: ground (HS6 251020)
- Barium sulphate (barytes): natural (HS6 251110)
- Barium carbonate (witherite): natural, whether or not calcined, other than barium oxide of heading no. 2816 (HS6 251120)
- Siliceous fossil meals (eg kieselguhr, tripolite and diatomite) and similar siliceous earths: whether or not calcined, of an apparent specific gravity of 1 or less (HS6 251200)
- Pumice stone, whether or not heat treated (HS6 251310)
- Pumice stone: crude or in irregular pieces, including crushed pumice (bimskies), whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251311)
- Pumice stone: in forms other than specified in item no. 2513.11, whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251319)
- Emery, natural corundum, natural garnet and other natural abrasives, whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251320)
- Emery, corundum, garnet and other abrasives: natural, crude or in irregular pieces, whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251321)
- Emery, corundum, garnet and other abrasives: natural, in other forms excluding crude or in irregular pieces, whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251329)
- Slate: whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251400)
- Marble and travertine: having a specific gravity of 2.5 or more, crude or roughly trimmed by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251511)
- Marble and travertine: merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape, having a specific gravity of 2.5 or more (HS6 251512)
- Ecaussine and other calcareous monumental or building stone: alabaster, having a specific gravity of 2.5 or more (HS6 251520)
- Granite: crude or roughly trimmed (HS6 251611)
- Granite: merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251612)
- Sandstone:. whether or not roughly trimmed, cut, by sawing etc, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251620)
- Sandstone: crude or roughly trimmed (HS6 251621)
- Sandstone: merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251622)
- Monumental or building stone: n.e.c. in heading no. 2516, whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251690)
- Pebbles, gravel, broken or crushed stone: of a kind commonly used for concrete aggregates, for road metalling or for railway or other ballast, shingle and flint, whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251710)
- Macadam of slag, dross or similar industrial waste: whether or not incorporating the materials in item no. 2517.10 (HS6 251720)
- Tarred macadam (HS6 251730)
- Stones: of marble, in granules, chippings and powder, whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251741)
- Stones: of heading no. 2515 or 2516 (excluding marble), in granules, chippings and powder, whether or not heat-treated (HS6 251749)
- Dolomite, not calcined or sintered: including dolomite roughly trimmed, or merely cut by sawing or otherwise into blocks or slabs of rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251810)
- Dolomite, calcined or sintered: including dolomite roughly trimmed, or merely cut by sawing or otherwise into blocks or slabs of rectangular (including square) shape (HS6 251820)
- Dolomite ramming mix (HS6 251830)
- Magnesium carbonate (magnesite): natural (HS6 251910)
- Magnesia, fused or dead-burned (sintered): whether or not containing small quantities of other oxides added before sintering, other magnesium oxide, whether or not pure, (not natural magnesium carbonate) (HS6 251990)
- Gypsum: anhydrite (HS6 252010)
- Plasters: (consisting of calcined gypsum or calcium sulphate), whether or not coloured, with or without small quantities of accelerators or retarders (HS6 252020)
- Limestone flux: limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement (HS6 252100)
- Quicklime: excluding calcium oxide and hydroxide of heading no. 2825 (HS6 252210)
- Slaked lime: excluding calcium oxide and hydroxide of heading no. 2825 (HS6 252220)
- Hydraulic lime: excluding calcium oxide and hydroxide of heading no. 2825 (HS6 252230)
- Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured) (HS6 252310)
- Cement: portland, white, whether or not artificially coloured (HS6 252321)
- Cement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially coloured (HS6 252329)
- Cement: aluminous (ciment fondu), whether or not coloured or in the form of clinkers (HS6 252330)
- Cement: hydraulic kinds n.e.c. in heading no. 2523 (HS6 252390)
- Asbestos (HS6 252400)
- Asbestos: crocidolite (blue asbestos) (HS6 252410)
- Asbestos: other than crocidolite (blue asbestos) (HS6 252490)
- Mica: crude and rifted into sheets or splittings (HS6 252510)
- Mica: powder (HS6 252520)
- Mica: waste (HS6 252530)
- Steatite: natural, (not crushed or powdered), whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape: talc (HS6 252610)
- Steatite: natural, crushed, powdered, whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape: talc (HS6 252620)
- Cryolite and chiolite: natural (HS6 252700)
- Natural borates and concentrates thereof (whether or not calcined), but not including borates separated from natural brine: natural boric acid containing not more than 85 % of H3BO3 calculated on the dry weight (HS6 252800)
- Sodium borates: natural, whether or not calcined (HS6 252810)
- Borates: natural, and concentrates thereof, n.e.s. in heading no. 2528, excluding borates separated from natural brine: natural boric acid containing not more than 85% of H3Bo3 calculated on the dry weight (HS6 252890)
- Feldspar (HS6 252910)
- Fluorspar: containing by weight 97% or less of calcium fluoride (HS6 252921)
- Fluorspar: containing by weight more than 97% of calcium fluoride (HS6 252922)
- Leucite: nepheline and nepheline syenite (HS6 252930)
- Vermiculite, perlite and chlorites: unexpanded (HS6 253010)
- Kieserite, epsomite (natural magnesium sulphates) (HS6 253020)
- Earth colours (HS6 253030)
- Natural micaceous iron oxides (HS6 253040)
- Mineral substances: n.e.c. in chapter 25 (HS6 253090)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024. The data release was refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:08.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.