{
  "pageType": "HS2 sector trade overview",
  "source": "api",
  "title": "Lac, gums and vegetable extracts (HS2 13) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks",
  "description": "Review reported global trade for the lac, gums and vegetable extracts sector at HS2 13, including scale, trend, market structure, corridors, exporters, importers, and HS6 products.",
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    "sameAs": [
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  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27)",
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    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
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    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-27",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
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        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-27"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/13/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/13/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/13/index.json",
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    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
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  "sector": {
    "hs2": "13",
    "name": "Lac, gums and vegetable extracts"
  },
  "coverage": {
    "firstDataYear": 1995,
    "latestDataYear": 2024,
    "yearsWithData": 30,
    "refreshedAt": "2026-07-20 09:34:08"
  },
  "answer": "The lac, gums and vegetable extracts sector recorded $9.5B in reported global trade in 2024, with -0.5% annual change.",
  "keyFigures": {
    "latestTradeUsd": 9490132377.029587,
    "latestAnnualChangePct": -0.46325786065481817,
    "activeExporters": 178,
    "activeImporters": 197,
    "activeHs6Products": 11
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  "growthAndStructure": {
    "trendLabel": "Stable",
    "tradeCagr3yPct": 0.7318494843174594,
    "tradeCagr5yPct": 3.216644975100502,
    "historicalPeakUsd": 11388745116.383057,
    "historicalPeakYear": 2012,
    "positiveGrowthYearSharePct": 68.96551724137932,
    "exporterConcentrationHhi": 2262.6236004949283,
    "importerConcentrationHhi": 1313.5064764195313,
    "tradeVolatilityCv": 0.5177247917122105
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      "hs2": 13,
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      "year": 1996,
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      "year": 1997,
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      "year": 1998,
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      "year": 1999,
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      "year": 2000,
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      "year": 2002,
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      "year": 2003,
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      "year": 2007,
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      "year": 2008,
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      "year": 2010,
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      "year": 2011,
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      "year": 2012,
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    },
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      "year": 2013,
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      "year": 2017,
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      "year": 2018,
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      "distance_km": 881,
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      "exporter_name": "France",
      "importer_name": "Germany"
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      "country_name": "Republic of Korea"
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      "year": 2024,
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      "trade_balance_usd": -260737780.69355834,
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  ],
  "products": [
    {
      "hs_code": "130110",
      "product_name": "Lac"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130120",
      "product_name": "Gum Arabic"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130190",
      "product_name": "Natural gums, resins, gum-resins and oleoresins, n.e.c. in heading no. 1301"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130211",
      "product_name": "Vegetable saps and extracts: opium"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130212",
      "product_name": "Vegetable saps and extracts: of liquorice"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130213",
      "product_name": "Vegetable saps and extracts: of hops"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130214",
      "product_name": "Vegetable saps and extracts: of ephedra"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130219",
      "product_name": "Vegetable saps and extracts: n.e.c. in item no. 1302.1"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130220",
      "product_name": "Pectic substances: pectinates and pectates"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130231",
      "product_name": "Mucilages and thickeners: agar-agar, whether or not modified, derived from vegetable products"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130232",
      "product_name": "Mucilages and thickeners: whether or not modified, derived from locust beans, locust bean seeds or guar seeds"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": "130239",
      "product_name": "Mucilages and thickeners: whether or not modified, derived from vegetable products, n.e.c. in item no. 1302.3"
    }
  ],
  "methodology": {
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2.",
    "calculatedIndicators": "Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations.",
    "missingData": "Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed."
  }
}