# Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits (HS2 12) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks

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Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits at HS2 12, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/12

## Answer

The oil seeds and oleaginous fruits sector recorded $135.7B in reported global trade in 2024, with -0.4% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $135.7B |
| Latest annual change | -0.4% |
| Active exporters | 198 |
| Active importers | 200 |
| Active HS6 products | 49 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $17.5B | 5,611 | 49 |
| 1996 | $20.2B | 5,623 | 49 |
| 1997 | $21.4B | 5,700 | 49 |
| 1998 | $19.5B | 5,743 | 49 |
| 1999 | $18.9B | 6,123 | 49 |
| 2000 | $20.1B | 6,787 | 49 |
| 2001 | $20.9B | 6,884 | 49 |
| 2002 | $21.6B | 7,091 | 49 |
| 2003 | $28.1B | 7,156 | 49 |
| 2004 | $31.6B | 7,480 | 49 |
| 2005 | $31.4B | 7,680 | 49 |
| 2006 | $32.2B | 7,709 | 49 |
| 2007 | $43.9B | 7,935 | 49 |
| 2008 | $66.7B | 8,110 | 49 |
| 2009 | $58.6B | 8,261 | 49 |
| 2010 | $67.8B | 8,412 | 49 |
| 2011 | $82.1B | 8,770 | 49 |
| 2012 | $92.7B | 9,220 | 49 |
| 2013 | $98.6B | 9,447 | 49 |
| 2014 | $100.9B | 9,572 | 49 |
| 2015 | $89.0B | 9,706 | 49 |
| 2016 | $89.1B | 9,949 | 49 |
| 2017 | $98.4B | 10,071 | 49 |
| 2018 | $101.9B | 10,332 | 49 |
| 2019 | $97.4B | 10,320 | 49 |
| 2020 | $109.2B | 10,532 | 49 |
| 2021 | $134.8B | 10,823 | 49 |
| 2022 | $154.2B | 10,811 | 49 |
| 2023 | $150.8B | 10,905 | 49 |
| 2024 | $135.7B | 10,940 | 49 |

## Growth and market structure

- Trend: Stable
- Three-year CAGR: +0.2%
- Five-year CAGR: +6.8%
- Historical peak: $154.2B in 2,022
- Positive-growth years: 79.3%
- Exporter concentration HHI: 2,102
- Importer concentration HHI: 1,616.7
- Trade volatility coefficient: 0.6

## Leading corridors

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 products | Distance | FTA |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | Brazil | China | $32.2B | +4.3% | 15 | 18,570 km | No |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | China | $12.4B | -6.9% | 30 | 11,883 km | No |
| 3 | Canada | China | $3.6B | +24.1% | 23 | 11,441 km | No |
| 4 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Mexico | $2.9B | -1.5% | 39 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 5 | Paraguay | Argentina | $2.7B | +6.4% | 8 | 1,034 km | Yes |
| 6 | Argentina | China | $1.8B | -1.8% | 10 | 19,629 km | No |
| 7 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Japan | $1.6B | -7.7% | 37 | 10,872 km | No |
| 8 | Brazil | Thailand | $1.5B | +2.5% | 19 | 16,409 km | No |
| 9 | Brazil | Spain | $1.5B | -0.9% | 15 | 8,361 km | No |
| 10 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Indonesia | $1.2B | +2% | 22 | 16,181 km | No |

## Leading exporters

| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | Brazil | $44.6B | 156 | 49 |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $28.9B | 176 | 49 |
| 3 | Canada | $7.9B | 135 | 49 |
| 4 | China | $4.0B | 178 | 49 |
| 5 | Australia | $3.7B | 141 | 48 |
| 6 | Ukraine | $3.7B | 106 | 43 |
| 7 | Paraguay | $3.4B | 101 | 39 |
| 8 | Argentina | $3.3B | 119 | 45 |
| 9 | Netherlands | $3.1B | 177 | 49 |
| 10 | France | $2.6B | 173 | 49 |

## Leading importers

| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | China | $55.8B | 119 | 49 |
| 2 | Germany | $6.7B | 148 | 49 |
| 3 | Japan | $4.8B | 116 | 47 |
| 4 | Mexico | $4.8B | 64 | 49 |
| 5 | Netherlands | $3.7B | 146 | 49 |
| 6 | Spain | $3.2B | 125 | 49 |
| 7 | Argentina | $3.1B | 63 | 45 |
| 8 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $2.8B | 142 | 49 |
| 9 | Turkey | $2.6B | 119 | 49 |
| 10 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | $2.4B | 50 | 45 |

## HS6 products

- Soya beans: whether or not broken (HS6 120100)
- Soya beans: seed, whether or not broken (HS6 120110)
- Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken (HS6 120190)
- Ground-nuts: in shell, not roasted or otherwise cooked (HS6 120210)
- Ground-nuts: shelled, not roasted or otherwise cooked, whether or not broken (HS6 120220)
- Ground-nuts: seed, not roasted or otherwise cooked, whether or not shelled or broken (HS6 120230)
- Ground-nuts: other than seed, not roasted or otherwise cooked, in shell (HS6 120241)
- Ground-nuts: other than seed, not roasted or otherwise cooked, shelled, whether or not broken, (HS6 120242)
- Copra (HS6 120300)
- Oil seeds: linseed, whether or not broken (HS6 120400)
- Oil seeds: rape or colza seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120500)
- Oil seeds: low erucic acid rape or colza seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120510)
- Oil seeds: rape or colza seeds, other than low erucic, whether or not broken (HS6 120590)
- Oil seeds: sunflower seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120600)
- Oil seeds: palm nuts and kernels, whether or not broken (HS6 120710)
- Oil seeds: cotton seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120720)
- Oil seeds: cotton seeds, seed, whether or not broken (HS6 120721)
- Oil seeds: cotton seeds, other than seed, whether or not broken (HS6 120729)
- Oil seeds: castor oil seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120730)
- Oil seeds: sesamum seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120740)
- Oil seeds: mustard seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120750)
- Oil seeds: safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120760)
- Oil seeds: melon seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120770)
- Oil seeds: poppy seeds, whether or not broken (HS6 120791)
- Oleaginous fruits: shea nuts (karite nuts) (HS6 120792)
- Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits: n.e.c. in heading no. 1207, whether or not broken (HS6 120799)
- Flours and meals: of soya beans (HS6 120810)
- Flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits: excluding soya beans and mustard seeds (HS6 120890)
- Seed: sugar beet seed, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120910)
- Seed: sugar beet seed, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120911)
- Seed: beet seed, (excluding sugar beet), of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120919)
- Seed: lucerne (alfalfa) seed, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120921)
- Seeds of forage plants: clover (Trifolium spp.) seeds, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120922)
- Seeds of forage plants: fescue seeds, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120923)
- Seed: kentucky blue grass (poa pratensis l.) seed, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120924)
- Seeds of forage plants: rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lolium perenne L.) seeds, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120925)
- Seed: timothy grass seed, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120926)
- Seeds of forage plants: other than lucerne, clover, fescue, Kentucky blue grass, and rye grass seeds, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120929)
- Seed: of herbaceous plants cultivated principally for their flowers, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120930)
- Seed: vegetable seed, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120991)
- Seeds: n.e.c. in heading 1209, of a kind used for sowing (HS6 120999)
- Hop cones: neither ground nor powdered nor in the form of pellets (HS6 121010)
- Hop cones: ground, powdered or in the form of pellets: lupulin (HS6 121020)
- Liquorice roots used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes: fresh or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered (HS6 121110)
- Ginseng roots, used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes: fresh or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered (HS6 121120)
- Coca leaf: used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh or dried, whether or not crushed or powdered (HS6 121130)
- Poppy straw: used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh or dried, whether or not crushed or powdered (HS6 121140)
- Ephedra, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered (HS6 121150)
- Bark of African cherry (Prunus africana): of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered (HS6 121160)
- Plants and parts (including seeds and fruits) n.e.c. in heading no. 1211, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered (HS6 121190)
- Locust beans, including locust bean seeds: of a kind used primarily for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121210)
- Seaweeds and other algae: of a kind used primarily for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121220)
- Seaweeds and other algae: fit for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121221)
- Seaweeds and other algae: not fit for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121229)
- Apricot, peach (including nectarine) or plum stones and kernels: of a kind used primarily for human consumption (HS6 121230)
- Sugar beet: of a kind used primarily for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121291)
- Locust beans (carob): fit for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121292)
- Sugar cane: fit for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121293)
- Chicory roots (Chicorium intybus sativum): fit for human consumption, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground (HS6 121294)
- Vegetable products (including unroasted chicory roots, chicorium intybus sativum variety): n.e.c. in chapter 12, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, ground or unground, primarily for human consumption (HS6 121299)
- Cereal straw and husks: unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets (HS6 121300)
- Lucerne (alfalfa) meal and pellets (HS6 121410)
- Forage products including swedes, mangolds, fodder roots, hay, sainfoin, clover, forage kale, lupines, vetches etc., pelletised or otherwise (HS6 121490)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024. The data release was refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:08.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

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