# Cereals (HS2 10) Sector Trade Overview | Yugalinks

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Cereals at HS2 10, with reported global trade through 2024.

Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/sector/hs2/10

## Answer

The cereals sector recorded $160.1B in reported global trade in 2024, with -1.7% annual change.

## Key figures

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Latest reported trade | $160.1B |
| Latest annual change | -1.7% |
| Active exporters | 188 |
| Active importers | 200 |
| Active HS6 products | 26 |

## Annual trend

| Year | Global trade | Corridors | HS6 products |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1995 | $36.9B | 3,875 | 26 |
| 1996 | $43.5B | 3,928 | 26 |
| 1997 | $38.3B | 4,021 | 26 |
| 1998 | $35.3B | 4,082 | 26 |
| 1999 | $34.4B | 4,380 | 26 |
| 2000 | $34.0B | 4,955 | 26 |
| 2001 | $34.9B | 5,232 | 26 |
| 2002 | $37.0B | 5,349 | 26 |
| 2003 | $40.4B | 5,572 | 26 |
| 2004 | $46.7B | 5,440 | 26 |
| 2005 | $45.4B | 5,520 | 26 |
| 2006 | $50.9B | 5,739 | 26 |
| 2007 | $74.8B | 5,661 | 26 |
| 2008 | $107.9B | 5,988 | 26 |
| 2009 | $78.6B | 6,191 | 26 |
| 2010 | $84.2B | 6,169 | 26 |
| 2011 | $117.6B | 6,408 | 26 |
| 2012 | $120.3B | 6,808 | 26 |
| 2013 | $121.4B | 6,773 | 26 |
| 2014 | $121.8B | 7,086 | 26 |
| 2015 | $106.4B | 7,225 | 26 |
| 2016 | $98.0B | 7,260 | 26 |
| 2017 | $105.7B | 7,407 | 26 |
| 2018 | $114.1B | 7,428 | 26 |
| 2019 | $112.6B | 7,406 | 26 |
| 2020 | $122.5B | 7,467 | 26 |
| 2021 | $159.7B | 7,631 | 26 |
| 2022 | $187.2B | 7,685 | 26 |
| 2023 | $173.3B | 7,687 | 26 |
| 2024 | $160.1B | 7,699 | 26 |

## Growth and market structure

- Trend: Stable
- Three-year CAGR: +0.1%
- Five-year CAGR: +7.3%
- Historical peak: $187.2B in 2,022
- Positive-growth years: 75.9%
- Exporter concentration HHI: 1,933.7
- Importer concentration HHI: 1,325.5
- Trade volatility coefficient: 0.5

## Leading corridors

| Rank | Exporter | Importer | Trade value | Growth | HS6 products | Distance | FTA |
| ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Mexico | $7.3B | +3% | 22 | 3,359 km | Yes |
| 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Japan | $3.7B | -3.8% | 24 | 10,872 km | No |
| 3 | Australia | China | $2.9B | +32.2% | 7 | 8,024 km | Yes |
| 4 | Russia | Egypt | $2.8B | +19.6% | 8 | 2,901 km | No |
| 5 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | China | $2.4B | -32.4% | 15 | 11,883 km | No |
| 6 | Ukraine | Spain | $2.0B | +46.9% | 12 | 2,869 km | Yes |
| 7 | United Arab Emirates | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | $1.9B | -3.6% | 13 | 1,214 km | No |
| 8 | Viet Nam | Philippines | $1.9B | +17.8% | 6 | 1,612 km | Yes |
| 9 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | Colombia | $1.7B | +9.4% | 14 | 3,999 km | Yes |
| 10 | Argentina | Viet Nam | $1.5B | -2.7% | 3 | 16,964 km | No |

## Leading exporters

| Rank | Country | Exports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | $24.8B | 178 | 26 |
| 2 | India | $11.8B | 180 | 26 |
| 3 | Russia | $11.6B | 92 | 25 |
| 4 | Argentina | $10.9B | 136 | 25 |
| 5 | Ukraine | $10.8B | 118 | 25 |
| 6 | Brazil | $9.9B | 142 | 25 |
| 7 | Canada | $9.4B | 136 | 26 |
| 8 | Australia | $8.5B | 102 | 26 |
| 9 | France | $7.8B | 146 | 26 |
| 10 | Thailand | $6.4B | 182 | 26 |

## Leading importers

| Rank | Country | Imports | Partners | HS6 products |
| ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 1 | China | $12.1B | 55 | 25 |
| 2 | Mexico | $8.0B | 27 | 25 |
| 3 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | $6.8B | 35 | 24 |
| 4 | Egypt | $6.1B | 41 | 22 |
| 5 | Japan | $6.0B | 61 | 26 |
| 6 | Indonesia | $5.8B | 47 | 24 |
| 7 | Viet Nam | $5.6B | 48 | 24 |
| 8 | Italy | $4.8B | 83 | 26 |
| 9 | Philippines | $4.7B | 41 | 23 |
| 10 | Saudi Arabia | $4.6B | 65 | 24 |

## HS6 products

- Cereals: durum wheat (HS6 100110)
- Cereals: wheat and meslin, durum wheat, seed (HS6 100111)
- Cereals: wheat and meslin, durum wheat, other than seed (HS6 100119)
- Cereals: meslin and wheat other than durum (HS6 100190)
- Cereals: wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, seed (HS6 100191)
- Cereals: wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed (HS6 100199)
- Cereals: rye (HS6 100200)
- Cereals: rye, seed (HS6 100210)
- Cereals: rye, other than seed (HS6 100290)
- Cereals: barley (HS6 100300)
- Cereals: barley, seed (HS6 100310)
- Cereals: barley, other than seed (HS6 100390)
- Cereals: oats (HS6 100400)
- Cereals: oats, seeds (HS6 100410)
- Cereals: oats, other than seed (HS6 100490)
- Cereals: maize (corn), seed (HS6 100510)
- Cereals: maize (corn), other than seed (HS6 100590)
- Cereals: rice in the husk (paddy or rough) (HS6 100610)
- Cereals: husked (brown) rice (HS6 100620)
- Cereals: rice, semi-milled or wholly milled, whether or not polished or glazed (HS6 100630)
- Cereals: rice, broken (HS6 100640)
- Cereals: grain sorghum (HS6 100700)
- Cereals: grain sorghum, seed (HS6 100710)
- Cereals: grain sorghum, other than seed (HS6 100790)
- Cereals: buckwheat (HS6 100810)
- Cereals: millet (HS6 100820)
- Cereals: millet, seed (HS6 100821)
- Cereals: millet, other than seed (HS6 100829)
- Cereals: canary seeds (HS6 100830)
- Cereals: fonio (Digitaria spp.) (HS6 100840)
- Cereals: quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) (HS6 100850)
- Cereals: triticale (HS6 100860)
- Cereals: n.e.s. in chapter 10 (HS6 100890)

## Definitions and coverage

Merchandise trade observations aggregated to HS2. Growth, concentration, volatility, and peak comparisons calculated from reported observations. Missing values remain unavailable and are not imputed.

Reported observations cover 1995-2024. The data release was refreshed 2026-07-20 09:34:08.

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## Data sources

- Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-27). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) · [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/)
- CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) · [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) · [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf)

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