# Writing buyer markets and demand | HS 321590 | Yugalinks

Germany is the largest reported buyer market in this view, with imports of $1.0B.

## Buyer market evidence

| Buyer market | Latest imports | 5-year growth | Suppliers | Leading supplier |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | $1.0B | -4.9% | 76 | Netherlands |
| United Arab Emirates | $674.3M | +83.6% | 52 | India |
| France | $507.2M | -2.5% | 76 | Germany |
| Netherlands | $427.3M | -6.7% | 66 | Germany |
| United Kingdom | $272.8M | -6% | 63 | Germany |
| Italy | $259.6M | +0% | 52 | Germany |
| USA | $184.5M | +4.4% | 66 | Netherlands |
| China | $183.5M | -1.3% | 47 | Malaysia |
| Spain | $152.8M | +1.4% | 59 | Germany |
| Czechia | $144.2M | -0.8% | 55 | Japan |
| Poland | $128.4M | +19.8% | 57 | Germany |
| Singapore | $114.0M | +11.4% | 46 | Malaysia |
| Austria | $84.5M | +0.2% | 58 | Germany |
| Switzerland, Liechtenstein | $79.3M | -4.3% | 65 | Germany |
| Thailand | $71.1M | +5.4% | 49 | China |
| India | $70.0M | +7.6% | 46 | China |
| Belgium | $63.2M | +3.6% | 50 | Netherlands |
| Sweden | $56.4M | -4.9% | 39 | Denmark |
| Turkey | $55.1M | +5.1% | 57 | China |
| Denmark | $54.1M | -3.1% | 45 | Netherlands |
| Portugal | $50.4M | +9.2% | 43 | Spain |
| Mexico | $48.9M | +11.7% | 43 | USA |
| Russia | $46.6M | -8.7% | 34 | China |
| Indonesia | $44.3M | -2.5% | 41 | China |
| Viet Nam | $40.6M | +7.3% | 32 | China |
| Japan | $40.3M | +0.7% | 41 | USA |
| Greece | $40.0M | +0.2% | 40 | Germany |
| Slovakia | $37.4M | +10.2% | 50 | Czechia |
| Romania | $32.3M | +21.5% | 45 | Germany |
| Hungary | $31.7M | +4.8% | 42 | Netherlands |
| Brazil | $31.6M | +7% | 37 | China |
| South Africa | $30.8M | +1.9% | 58 | Germany |
| Republic of Korea | $30.8M | -4.7% | 50 | Japan |
| Saudi Arabia | $28.2M | +16.6% | 41 | Germany |
| Bangladesh | $28.2M | +25.2% | 22 | China |

## Buyer market price evidence

| Buyer market | Year | Trade value | USD per ton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | 2023 | $941.2M | $72,828.09 |
| Netherlands | 2023 | $830.1M | $83,041.96 |
| France | 2023 | $651.6M | $54,801.29 |
| United Kingdom | 2023 | $326.2M | $77,282.55 |
| Italy | 2023 | $266.7M | $44,706.73 |
| Czechia | 2023 | $207.9M | $93,794.07 |
| China | 2023 | $196.9M | $13,984.43 |
| India | 2023 | $161.6M | $15,667.61 |
| Singapore | 2023 | $126.7M | $18,477.87 |
| Spain | 2023 | $111.1M | $35,873.61 |
| USA | 2023 | $108.3M | $24,404.27 |
| Poland | 2023 | $89.1M | $38,796.61 |
| Austria | 2023 | $85.8M | $55,378.09 |
| Indonesia | 2023 | $75.9M | $11,343.44 |
| Belgium | 2023 | $70.3M | $35,696.82 |
| Switzerland, Liechtenstein | 2023 | $66.5M | $101,435.97 |
| Turkey | 2023 | $57.9M | $18,235.64 |
| Sweden | 2023 | $56.2M | $88,654.14 |
| Thailand | 2023 | $53.9M | $10,249.08 |
| Mexico | 2023 | $52.6M | $5,603.37 |

_Source: reported merchandise trade data. Updated 2026-08-14._