{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zmb/740311",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/740311",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zmb/740311",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "740311",
    "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 69,
    "current_lane_count": 27,
    "active_market_count": 27,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2094518738.4002726,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1948985132.4560921,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2197298423.9080524,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2211526284.2141747,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2380181446.5369515,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.447198226591778,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.757918942145122,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -11.357585304322548,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2901964764.7056236,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 9550109272.145168,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.9103870777307694,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHE",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 864210122.0374767,
    "top_market_share_pct": 41.260558150820515,
    "destination_hhi": 2394.7445536655787,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 26.141607533127896,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -4.048856640863957,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9404667176123467,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.54627673742621,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 40.57971014492754,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 93.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:23",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 740311,
      "hs_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes",
      "hs_chapter": 74,
      "hs_heading": 7403,
      "substitution_elasticity": -45.581581,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7403,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 740311,
        "corridor_rank": 24,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
        "importer_iso3": "CHE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 864210122.0374767,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1282788471.7356946,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 942666231.2546412,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1009529732.5897787,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1078998960.1593711,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.007568302857896,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.170233865749131,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -13.654422184908066,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3751615725.9784946,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1647388131.1793942,
        "historical_peak_year": 2014,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.64685388205017,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 8.6394,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 38.5774,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 52.459411700312145,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -11.047706542533184,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 52.459411700312145,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ZMB",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4687.67,
        "distance_km": 7252.6953125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.004177600396181818,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.009301367227838387,
        "volatility_cv": 0.892936143915739,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.92396127525566,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 740311,
        "corridor_rank": 41,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 516847335.8999504,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 346945495.92306864,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 533736317.1939748,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 513050778.06552315,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 416156325.3141902,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.3631884227766391,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.35972679513497,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.3123674161993275,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1077849497.1379755,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30258390892.677795,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.949178993422688,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.5447,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 21.494,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.7081124298153667,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.05486740001973778,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.772539299755266,
        "peer_top_exporter": "COD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1747.71,
        "distance_km": 10960.7880859375,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.28819462289272724,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.2783010650244262,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9851283610832382,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 85.68765655167094,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
      "hs_code": 740311,
      "num_markets": 40,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VNM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 34150,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1958.368761857298,
      "median_price_across_markets": 7503.049815383123,
      "price_spread_pct": 429.0472811754739,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 15149.153503649635,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 12450192098
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4313859049.61125,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 67.73855529700975
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 6974931999.167229,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 61.686599375466045
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 6882095177.18372,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3310068398457977
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 6325280250.815401,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.090776312050039
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6507178875.093454,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8757401579891178
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3592711341.166529,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.7884957501659
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2531022470.2342415,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.55118767174778
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2388446334.142039,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.633143828984162
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2611304275.207348,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.330665624746496
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1620698623.548483,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.935282420514056
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1925970717.8605928,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.83583350269797
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2539765431.4861236,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.869368933466767
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2486169251.7162366,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.1102807017310097
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2156740887.551828,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.250439966506697
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1948985132.4560921,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.632856514885509
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ZMB",
      "exports_usd": 14630612195.862494,
      "imports_usd": 9688563269.770391,
      "trade_balance_usd": 4942048926.092102,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.18484814786262,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 16.96129581486112,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.01680649671432,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.25628823647449,
      "export_partner_hhi": 2057.840492723567,
      "export_product_hhi": 3045.7433314466803,
      "momentum_score": 4.834435652518129,
      "risk_score": 25.51791912085124,
      "gdp_million_usd": 25303.185342251072,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1187.1094335006403,
      "population": 21314956,
      "labor_force": 8843.21,
      "investment_rate_pct": 35.92,
      "savings_rate_pct": 34.69,
      "secondary_education_pct": 56.26,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 0.69,
      "total_factor_productivity": 279.77,
      "trade_openness_pct": 57.50270313396311,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 34.59409020489696,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7944.17695473251,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12511194098223663,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13681364447572217,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02415214836868603,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11266149610703613,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8030.711783653898,
      "num_border_partners": 170,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.181075009122205,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.98106712564544,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.3734939759036147,
      "real_market_potential": 84339.08687709158,
      "foreign_market_potential": 17842.779755669093
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "740311",
    "hs_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes",
    "hs_chapter": 74,
    "hs_heading": 7403
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 740311,
      "corridor_rank": 24,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
      "importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 26,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 864210122.0374767,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1282788471.7356946,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 942666231.2546412,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1009529732.5897787,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1078998960.1593711,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.007568302857896,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.170233865749131,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -13.654422184908066,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3751615725.9784946,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1647388131.1793942,
      "historical_peak_year": 2014,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.64685388205017,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 8.6394,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 38.5774,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 52.459411700312145,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -11.047706542533184,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 52.459411700312145,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ZMB",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4687.67,
      "distance_km": 7252.6953125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.004177600396181818,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.009301367227838387,
      "volatility_cv": 0.892936143915739,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 82.92396127525566,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 740311,
      "corridor_rank": 41,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 516847335.8999504,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 346945495.92306864,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 533736317.1939748,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 513050778.06552315,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 416156325.3141902,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.3631884227766391,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.35972679513497,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.3123674161993275,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1077849497.1379755,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30258390892.677795,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.949178993422688,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.5447,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 21.494,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.7081124298153667,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.05486740001973778,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.772539299755266,
      "peer_top_exporter": "COD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 47,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1747.71,
      "distance_km": 10960.7880859375,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.28819462289272724,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.2783010650244262,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9851283610832382,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 85.68765655167094,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
    "hs_code": 740311,
    "num_markets": 40,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VNM",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 34150,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1958.368761857298,
    "median_price_across_markets": 7503.049815383123,
    "price_spread_pct": 429.0472811754739,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 15149.153503649635,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 12450192098
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4313859049.61125,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 67.73855529700975
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 6974931999.167229,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 61.686599375466045
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 6882095177.18372,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.3310068398457977
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 6325280250.815401,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.090776312050039
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6507178875.093454,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8757401579891178
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3592711341.166529,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.7884957501659
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2531022470.2342415,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.55118767174778
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2388446334.142039,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.633143828984162
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2611304275.207348,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.330665624746496
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1620698623.548483,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.935282420514056
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1925970717.8605928,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.83583350269797
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2539765431.4861236,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.869368933466767
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2486169251.7162366,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.1102807017310097
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2156740887.551828,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.250439966506697
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1948985132.4560921,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.632856514885509
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ZMB",
    "exports_usd": 14630612195.862494,
    "imports_usd": 9688563269.770391,
    "trade_balance_usd": 4942048926.092102,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.18484814786262,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 16.96129581486112,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.01680649671432,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.25628823647449,
    "export_partner_hhi": 2057.840492723567,
    "export_product_hhi": 3045.7433314466803,
    "momentum_score": 4.834435652518129,
    "risk_score": 25.51791912085124,
    "gdp_million_usd": 25303.185342251072,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1187.1094335006403,
    "population": 21314956,
    "labor_force": 8843.21,
    "investment_rate_pct": 35.92,
    "savings_rate_pct": 34.69,
    "secondary_education_pct": 56.26,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 0.69,
    "total_factor_productivity": 279.77,
    "trade_openness_pct": 57.50270313396311,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 34.59409020489696,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7944.17695473251,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12511194098223663,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13681364447572217,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02415214836868603,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11266149610703613,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8030.711783653898,
    "num_border_partners": 170,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.181075009122205,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.98106712564544,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.3734939759036147,
    "real_market_potential": 84339.08687709158,
    "foreign_market_potential": 17842.779755669093
  }
}