{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zmb/731581",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731581",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zmb/731581",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731581",
    "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
    "first_data_year": 2005,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 8,
    "current_lane_count": 2,
    "active_market_count": 2,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 59647.984462345674,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 58122.79395202553,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 29360.930501344406,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16108.976658069836,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9249.38167973179,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 137.89462165184787,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 549.7860964498681,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 70.9489151815931,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 6515.869394851263,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 59647.984462345674,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 66.94570647025478,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "COD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 56545.993824919235,
    "top_market_share_pct": 94.79950468504993,
    "destination_hhi": 8999.43893858977,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.605555816995967,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 6.36551718306702,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 3.016048707481338,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 97.38651754485267,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 75,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 53,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:23",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7315,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.1272378,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "num_markets": 4,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COD",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 66000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3877.8010640012894,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5545.454545454546,
      "price_spread_pct": 1120.2363742557145,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.2822,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 26238
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2007,
        "export_value_usd": 182.9999999999639,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44958.63767106185
      },
      {
        "year": 2008,
        "export_value_usd": 0.05083399011098661,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -99.97222186332732
      },
      {
        "year": 2009,
        "export_value_usd": 440.06460223436824,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 865589.6719568316
      },
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 11.013711856956464,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -97.49725113062131
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 23.084116677760086,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 109.59434001516692
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 108.32813798649818,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 369.2756474015949
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 138.25954960812362,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.63032041163307
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 272.6986518458266,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 97.23675696814496
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 16.937112703551957,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -93.78907354733549
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 287.8104319298428,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1599.288638904108
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 5.017581209803342,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -98.256636781315
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1396.940627191736,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27740.917142753875
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 4317.105002398798,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 209.03997767445972
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 599.0670506632789,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -86.12340792428242
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 58122.79395202553,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9602.21845579268
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ZMB",
      "exports_usd": 14630612195.862494,
      "imports_usd": 9688563269.770391,
      "trade_balance_usd": 4942048926.092102,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.18484814786262,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 16.96129581486112,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.01680649671432,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.25628823647449,
      "export_partner_hhi": 2057.840492723567,
      "export_product_hhi": 3045.7433314466803,
      "momentum_score": 4.834435652518129,
      "risk_score": 25.51791912085124,
      "gdp_million_usd": 25303.185342251072,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1187.1094335006403,
      "population": 21314956,
      "labor_force": 8843.21,
      "investment_rate_pct": 35.92,
      "savings_rate_pct": 34.69,
      "secondary_education_pct": 56.26,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 0.69,
      "total_factor_productivity": 279.77,
      "trade_openness_pct": 57.50270313396311,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 34.59409020489696,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7944.17695473251,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12511194098223663,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13681364447572217,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02415214836868603,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11266149610703613,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8030.711783653898,
      "num_border_partners": 170,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.181075009122205,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.98106712564544,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.3734939759036147,
      "real_market_potential": 84339.08687709158,
      "foreign_market_potential": 17842.779755669093
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731581",
    "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
    "hs_code": 731581,
    "num_markets": 4,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "COD",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 66000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 3877.8010640012894,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5545.454545454546,
    "price_spread_pct": 1120.2363742557145,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.2822,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 26238
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "export_value_usd": 182.9999999999639,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44958.63767106185
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "export_value_usd": 0.05083399011098661,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.97222186332732
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "export_value_usd": 440.06460223436824,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 865589.6719568316
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 11.013711856956464,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -97.49725113062131
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 23.084116677760086,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 109.59434001516692
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 108.32813798649818,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 369.2756474015949
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 138.25954960812362,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.63032041163307
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 272.6986518458266,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 97.23675696814496
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 16.937112703551957,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -93.78907354733549
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 287.8104319298428,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1599.288638904108
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 5.017581209803342,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.256636781315
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1396.940627191736,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27740.917142753875
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 4317.105002398798,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 209.03997767445972
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 599.0670506632789,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -86.12340792428242
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 58122.79395202553,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9602.21845579268
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ZMB",
    "exports_usd": 14630612195.862494,
    "imports_usd": 9688563269.770391,
    "trade_balance_usd": 4942048926.092102,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.18484814786262,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 16.96129581486112,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.01680649671432,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.25628823647449,
    "export_partner_hhi": 2057.840492723567,
    "export_product_hhi": 3045.7433314466803,
    "momentum_score": 4.834435652518129,
    "risk_score": 25.51791912085124,
    "gdp_million_usd": 25303.185342251072,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1187.1094335006403,
    "population": 21314956,
    "labor_force": 8843.21,
    "investment_rate_pct": 35.92,
    "savings_rate_pct": 34.69,
    "secondary_education_pct": 56.26,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 0.69,
    "total_factor_productivity": 279.77,
    "trade_openness_pct": 57.50270313396311,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 34.59409020489696,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7944.17695473251,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12511194098223663,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13681364447572217,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02415214836868603,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11266149610703613,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8030.711783653898,
    "num_border_partners": 170,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.181075009122205,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.98106712564544,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.3734939759036147,
    "real_market_potential": 84339.08687709158,
    "foreign_market_potential": 17842.779755669093
  }
}