{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zmb/170410",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/170410",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zmb/170410",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "170410",
    "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
    "first_data_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 18,
    "current_lane_count": 8,
    "active_market_count": 8,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 7375711.84110656,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 7310730.807521561,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7198010.403527025,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7742012.204497183,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5748952.151408893,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.13215252940829,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.8146199539898396,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.582706026909165,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3289756.729317944,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 12699927.12492512,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 71.42857142857143,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.714858556317452,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "COD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4943580.872775517,
    "top_market_share_pct": 67.02513573298499,
    "destination_hhi": 4833.475840024359,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 26.818490887767314,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -3.5348414946976328,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2580321266607783,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 71.53669977488757,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 55.55555555555556,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 71,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:23",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 170410,
      "hs_description": "Sugar confectionery: chewing gum, whether or not sugar-coated, not containing cocoa",
      "hs_chapter": 17,
      "hs_heading": 1704,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.8754539,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sugar confectionery: chewing gum, whether or not sugar-coated, not containing cocoa",
    "hs_chapter": 17,
    "hs_heading": 1704,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 170410,
        "corridor_rank": 34,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
        "importer_iso3": "COD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 24,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4943580.872775517,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1736701.99454681,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5056131.778073854,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5440235.212810419,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3613758.4656732827,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.978938424391593,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.370098735219653,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.934422151872067,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7249062.381525004,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14812229.88309941,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 69.56521739130434,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.91336057626366,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.611,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.2803,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 33.374994256712746,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -6.247486350721175,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.374994256712746,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ZMB",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2387.15,
        "distance_km": null,
        "has_reported_fta": null,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2067180739810492,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 58.942893830968,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 170410,
        "corridor_rank": 88,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
        "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 18,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1206866.271546733,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 160081.68224978086,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 537607.5390517277,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 405101.7981496995,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 307117.89948928094,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 99.33564707014406,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 42.56945298312282,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 33.14192913523806,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1206866.271546733,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30645443.8550679,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.70588235294117,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 66.193717934906,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.3725,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.0603,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.3333,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.9381588899622066,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.055188119966551,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 87.46387538189889,
        "peer_top_exporter": "SWZ",
        "supplier_count_latest": 43,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7689.58,
        "distance_km": 2278.582275390625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08626982093734,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05880099188034341,
        "volatility_cv": 1.7152979110863253,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.64476480749352,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
      "hs_code": 170410,
      "num_markets": 9,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KEN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 28500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1277.764497776928,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2515.49592108136,
      "price_spread_pct": 1082.1816594526933,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 438.62469444444446,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 42022779
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 427060.1322575849,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.066412301936335
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 733540.7792082203,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 71.76522082042045
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 846400.5334015191,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.385614187001154
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1458470.4774588998,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 72.31445632454776
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2045684.6223428422,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.262326454975515
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 2498060.702094582,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.11367650765499
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2892269.1382312537,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.780578742787743
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3499435.969705834,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.99275006771634
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3826965.0579905137,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.359482245712075
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6062729.623580836,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.42134777066115
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 7043286.327075118,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.173518602585073
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 10072743.484829718,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 43.01198356950298
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 7381310.089754265,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.719963623901943
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 6901990.313305252,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.493695165501031
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 7310730.807521561,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.922067051128179
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ZMB",
      "exports_usd": 14630612195.862494,
      "imports_usd": 9688563269.770391,
      "trade_balance_usd": 4942048926.092102,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.18484814786262,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 16.96129581486112,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.01680649671432,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.25628823647449,
      "export_partner_hhi": 2057.840492723567,
      "export_product_hhi": 3045.7433314466803,
      "momentum_score": 4.834435652518129,
      "risk_score": 25.51791912085124,
      "gdp_million_usd": 25303.185342251072,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1187.1094335006403,
      "population": 21314956,
      "labor_force": 8843.21,
      "investment_rate_pct": 35.92,
      "savings_rate_pct": 34.69,
      "secondary_education_pct": 56.26,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 0.69,
      "total_factor_productivity": 279.77,
      "trade_openness_pct": 57.50270313396311,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 34.59409020489696,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 17,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 7944.17695473251,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12511194098223663,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13681364447572217,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02415214836868603,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11266149610703613,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8030.711783653898,
      "num_border_partners": 170,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.181075009122205,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.98106712564544,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.3734939759036147,
      "real_market_potential": 84339.08687709158,
      "foreign_market_potential": 17842.779755669093
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "170410",
    "hs_description": "Sugar confectionery: chewing gum, whether or not sugar-coated, not containing cocoa",
    "hs_chapter": 17,
    "hs_heading": 1704
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 170410,
      "corridor_rank": 34,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
      "importer_iso3": "COD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 24,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4943580.872775517,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1736701.99454681,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5056131.778073854,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5440235.212810419,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3613758.4656732827,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.978938424391593,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.370098735219653,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.934422151872067,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7249062.381525004,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14812229.88309941,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 69.56521739130434,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.91336057626366,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.611,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.2803,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 33.374994256712746,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -6.247486350721175,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 33.374994256712746,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ZMB",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2387.15,
      "distance_km": null,
      "has_reported_fta": null,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2067180739810492,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 58.942893830968,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 170410,
      "corridor_rank": 88,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
      "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 18,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1206866.271546733,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 160081.68224978086,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 537607.5390517277,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 405101.7981496995,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 307117.89948928094,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 99.33564707014406,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 42.56945298312282,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 33.14192913523806,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1206866.271546733,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30645443.8550679,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 64.70588235294117,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 66.193717934906,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.3725,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.0603,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.3333,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.9381588899622066,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.055188119966551,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 87.46387538189889,
      "peer_top_exporter": "SWZ",
      "supplier_count_latest": 43,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7689.58,
      "distance_km": 2278.582275390625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08626982093734,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05880099188034341,
      "volatility_cv": 1.7152979110863253,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.64476480749352,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','buyer_macro_weakness']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ZMB",
    "hs_code": 170410,
    "num_markets": 9,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KEN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 28500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1277.764497776928,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2515.49592108136,
    "price_spread_pct": 1082.1816594526933,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 438.62469444444446,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 42022779
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 427060.1322575849,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.066412301936335
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 733540.7792082203,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 71.76522082042045
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 846400.5334015191,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.385614187001154
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1458470.4774588998,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 72.31445632454776
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2045684.6223428422,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.262326454975515
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 2498060.702094582,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.11367650765499
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2892269.1382312537,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.780578742787743
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3499435.969705834,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.99275006771634
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3826965.0579905137,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.359482245712075
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6062729.623580836,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.42134777066115
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 7043286.327075118,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.173518602585073
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 10072743.484829718,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.01198356950298
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 7381310.089754265,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.719963623901943
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 6901990.313305252,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.493695165501031
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 7310730.807521561,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.922067051128179
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ZMB",
    "exports_usd": 14630612195.862494,
    "imports_usd": 9688563269.770391,
    "trade_balance_usd": 4942048926.092102,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 5.18484814786262,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 16.96129581486112,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.01680649671432,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.25628823647449,
    "export_partner_hhi": 2057.840492723567,
    "export_product_hhi": 3045.7433314466803,
    "momentum_score": 4.834435652518129,
    "risk_score": 25.51791912085124,
    "gdp_million_usd": 25303.185342251072,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 1187.1094335006403,
    "population": 21314956,
    "labor_force": 8843.21,
    "investment_rate_pct": 35.92,
    "savings_rate_pct": 34.69,
    "secondary_education_pct": 56.26,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 0.69,
    "total_factor_productivity": 279.77,
    "trade_openness_pct": 57.50270313396311,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 34.59409020489696,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 17,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 7944.17695473251,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12511194098223663,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13681364447572217,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02415214836868603,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11266149610703613,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8030.711783653898,
    "num_border_partners": 170,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.181075009122205,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.98106712564544,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.3734939759036147,
    "real_market_potential": 84339.08687709158,
    "foreign_market_potential": 17842.779755669093
  }
}