{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/731582",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731582",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/731582",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731582",
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "first_data_year": 2000,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 127,
    "current_lane_count": 59,
    "active_market_count": 59,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4199580.05282014,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3764895.376870578,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3714965.280197209,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3658213.1944527244,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3519480.2323360234,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.674799251710669,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.1745385746777544,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.10459928974714261,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 5677917.703567077,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 17078898.34052499,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.5701999619635263,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "GBR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 840119.1089448552,
    "top_market_share_pct": 20.00483615928909,
    "destination_hhi": 762.7094556833313,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.783728254735697,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.0265776590083986,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8448875150527891,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 85.79346907736257,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 34.645669291338585,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:22",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731582,
      "hs_description": "Chain: welded link chain, of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7315,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.3367205,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chain: welded link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731582,
        "corridor_rank": 95,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 840119.1089448552,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1368094.0619302432,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 591257.3852034968,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1093654.1777154328,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1264776.5909490814,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -30.56541256305745,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.345874143856044,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.5466892219264015,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2509650.732034514,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31800463.0591457,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -33.11210178498385,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 38.4014,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.237,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.641845520872816,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.5120950893917717,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.056076068736864,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 36,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1893.63,
        "distance_km": 9681.689453125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4817657295977483,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.81207607827498,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "hs_code": 731582,
      "num_markets": 91,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 175000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SWZ",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 815.7450387462521,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4669.785169785169,
      "price_spread_pct": 3730.027156030113,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 27.334740484429062,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 22177966
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5996712.013371864,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.683559199917749
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 7081710.282554982,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.093219530364593
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 8364230.120123833,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.110312147733552
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4605888.350964434,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.93350511862479
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 3804503.4209382497,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.399139296513376
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3884102.8477076753,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.092242218297051
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2078031.3937013692,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.499063614451295
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3111571.5193669004,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.736501998874985
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3406133.298958181,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.466656246140658
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4423897.2913624905,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.880333594566267
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 3062252.3755811104,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.77930670858805
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 4083917.756090883,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.36319986741445
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 4188107.42230173,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.551218521858214
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3191893.0414193217,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.786743758709555
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3764895.376870578,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.95180252018917
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ZAF",
      "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
      "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
      "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
      "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
      "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
      "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
      "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
      "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
      "population": 64007187,
      "labor_force": 24830.73,
      "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
      "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
      "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
      "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
      "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 44,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
      "num_border_partners": 156,
      "num_colonial_partners": 84,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
      "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
      "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731582",
    "hs_description": "Chain: welded link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731582,
      "corridor_rank": 95,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 840119.1089448552,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1368094.0619302432,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 591257.3852034968,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1093654.1777154328,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1264776.5909490814,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -30.56541256305745,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.345874143856044,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.5466892219264015,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2509650.732034514,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31800463.0591457,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -33.11210178498385,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 38.4014,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.237,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.641845520872816,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.5120950893917717,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 33.056076068736864,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 36,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1893.63,
      "distance_km": 9681.689453125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.4817657295977483,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.81207607827498,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "hs_code": 731582,
    "num_markets": 91,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MKD",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 175000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SWZ",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 815.7450387462521,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4669.785169785169,
    "price_spread_pct": 3730.027156030113,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 27.334740484429062,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 22177966
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 5996712.013371864,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.683559199917749
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 7081710.282554982,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.093219530364593
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 8364230.120123833,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.110312147733552
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 4605888.350964434,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.93350511862479
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 3804503.4209382497,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.399139296513376
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3884102.8477076753,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.092242218297051
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2078031.3937013692,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.499063614451295
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3111571.5193669004,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.736501998874985
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3406133.298958181,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.466656246140658
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4423897.2913624905,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.880333594566267
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 3062252.3755811104,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.77930670858805
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 4083917.756090883,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.36319986741445
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 4188107.42230173,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.551218521858214
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3191893.0414193217,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.786743758709555
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3764895.376870578,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.95180252018917
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ZAF",
    "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
    "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
    "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
    "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
    "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
    "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
    "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
    "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
    "population": 64007187,
    "labor_force": 24830.73,
    "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
    "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
    "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
    "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
    "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 44,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
    "num_border_partners": 156,
    "num_colonial_partners": 84,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
    "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
    "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
  }
}