{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/731512",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731512",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/731512",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731512",
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "first_data_year": 2000,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 144,
    "current_lane_count": 61,
    "active_market_count": 61,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 9361186.672020875,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 8906534.446984615,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7866589.497774818,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8106748.175063409,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7857601.6294525955,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.806832073068022,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.8012957671046195,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.4771134953253338,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 11960484.270432265,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 140871172.99241245,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.283945568393356,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3819962.6732451646,
    "top_market_share_pct": 40.80639353835809,
    "destination_hhi": 2047.8343928825016,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 17.304029074018484,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.365572900441983,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9541910313177456,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 75.2914386062433,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 40.97222222222222,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:22",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731512,
      "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7315,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.2193875,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731512,
        "corridor_rank": 54,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3819962.6732451646,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2427863.193755708,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3703739.8949844055,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3629511.741464405,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3526391.06261461,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.036648034481374,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.794952335624213,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.207660685226493,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4754707.392621444,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 62358712.94825577,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.244308719707867,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.0292,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.2445,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.125788190039949,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9580586862088465,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.465981733569578,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 55,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1310.05,
        "distance_km": 9571.15625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.016370646483452676,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.045277195846617796,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4828609442285623,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 54.14757573904706,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "hs_code": 731512,
      "num_markets": 92,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 706866.6666666667,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 114.66699616952923,
      "median_price_across_markets": 8119.25123527176,
      "price_spread_pct": 8704.645036727226,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 61.40460791366909,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 42009416
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 9021893.537339896,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.587826345679098
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 10939845.401978733,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.25886164252327
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 129487557.07355008,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1083.6324218085308
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 7182456.513050705,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -94.45316857049747
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6973325.087173046,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.9116977666020323
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 7805220.261221412,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.9296772149427
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 7964167.48044773,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.036421957443201
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 8139267.83606418,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.1986021269181864
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 7415406.069704412,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.893450626509903
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6718213.771771158,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.401943620884467
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 7233306.679330385,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.667111006850718
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 9700665.702662205,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.11107993502403
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 7350878.230330045,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.222950716539952
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 7342355.816009793,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.11593736222004128
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 8906534.446984615,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.303498089321355
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ZAF",
      "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
      "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
      "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
      "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
      "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
      "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
      "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
      "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
      "population": 64007187,
      "labor_force": 24830.73,
      "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
      "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
      "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
      "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
      "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 44,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
      "num_border_partners": 156,
      "num_colonial_partners": 84,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
      "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
      "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731512",
    "hs_description": "Chain: articulated link, (other than roller), of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731512,
      "corridor_rank": 54,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3819962.6732451646,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2427863.193755708,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3703739.8949844055,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3629511.741464405,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3526391.06261461,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.036648034481374,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.794952335624213,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.207660685226493,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4754707.392621444,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 62358712.94825577,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.244308719707867,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.0292,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.2445,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.125788190039949,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9580586862088465,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 26.465981733569578,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 55,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1310.05,
      "distance_km": 9571.15625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.016370646483452676,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.045277195846617796,
      "volatility_cv": 0.4828609442285623,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 54.14757573904706,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "hs_code": 731512,
    "num_markets": 92,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "FRA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 706866.6666666667,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 114.66699616952923,
    "median_price_across_markets": 8119.25123527176,
    "price_spread_pct": 8704.645036727226,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 61.40460791366909,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 42009416
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 9021893.537339896,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.587826345679098
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 10939845.401978733,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.25886164252327
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 129487557.07355008,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1083.6324218085308
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 7182456.513050705,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -94.45316857049747
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6973325.087173046,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.9116977666020323
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 7805220.261221412,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.9296772149427
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 7964167.48044773,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.036421957443201
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 8139267.83606418,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.1986021269181864
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 7415406.069704412,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.893450626509903
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6718213.771771158,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.401943620884467
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 7233306.679330385,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.667111006850718
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 9700665.702662205,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.11107993502403
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 7350878.230330045,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.222950716539952
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 7342355.816009793,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.11593736222004128
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 8906534.446984615,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.303498089321355
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ZAF",
    "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
    "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
    "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
    "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
    "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
    "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
    "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
    "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
    "population": 64007187,
    "labor_force": 24830.73,
    "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
    "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
    "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
    "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
    "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 44,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
    "num_border_partners": 156,
    "num_colonial_partners": 84,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
    "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
    "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
  }
}