{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/283325",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/283325",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/283325",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "283325",
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "first_data_year": 2000,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 75,
    "current_lane_count": 24,
    "active_market_count": 24,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 45284836.65934726,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 44817861.754171185,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 74591735.83001749,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 78633713.84744005,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 78180398.55767038,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -26.6550443151486,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.10069751477009,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.213101927716114,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 55807441.605247766,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 139081307.07157966,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.166666666666664,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -32.86814624286471,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "BEL",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 41047297.62833712,
    "top_market_share_pct": 90.64247694457464,
    "destination_hhi": 8230.640321831788,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 75.97953156808157,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -5.127764425774485,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.901301384520544,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 99.0068477910593,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 53.333333333333336,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 82,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:22",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "hs_description": "Sulphates: of copper",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2833,
      "substitution_elasticity": -11.739783,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: of copper",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 283325,
        "corridor_rank": 2,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
        "importer_iso3": "BEL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 15,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 41047297.62833712,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 52059531.01530526,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 71585595.82413168,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 75770419.64018932,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 75811081.22750571,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -27.828218401508654,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.824166511633707,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.312761382254806,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 125420085.71491034,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 51876133.624036,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -34.140979783763456,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.6237,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.5678,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 56,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 79.12559159828845,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.781815429920073,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 79.12559159828845,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ZAF",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6342.86,
        "distance_km": 9535.7275390625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.016689382078733335,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0457486583338207,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8567749035478974,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98411192381764,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 283325,
        "corridor_rank": 89,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 6,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 856443.048898432,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 425930.5723949419,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 428578.1097314996,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 851857.7891569549,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 638893.6869972899,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.40519783655499,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1340.559711248713,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 255.03255528495643,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1698417.1480078658,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21006683.03601194,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 40,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -275.43775312151143,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.1963,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.4014,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.0770027682629575,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.0733634850939495,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.867042864152772,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 40,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1787.9,
        "distance_km": 9693.59375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.016689382078733335,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0457486583338207,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5244485307854154,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.95800969359009,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "num_markets": 39,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 202000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 294.11764705882354,
      "median_price_across_markets": 3638.769230769231,
      "price_spread_pct": 5543.244695138329,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 604.5840471698114,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1210322807
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1676299.599021003,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 128.34135762710181
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 955416.2119566257,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.0044478615511
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1750940.861979337,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 83.26472170631607
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1687629.6928871013,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.6158370889046485
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 24528455.79393984,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1353.4264179707543
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 53793053.67531466,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 119.30876581560067
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 50697502.64763059,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.754555311859163
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 126036251.77892916,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 148.6044582016894
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 119636754.28869563,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.07750540015932
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 38471853.94893348,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -67.84278027461612
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 55803288.10246215,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.04964636363496
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 113590073.64468569,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 103.55444545869668
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 127035207.47954118,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.836539411808479
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 51922138.25634012,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -59.12775734655915
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 44817861.754171185,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.682557654107105
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ZAF",
      "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
      "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
      "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
      "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
      "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
      "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
      "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
      "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
      "population": 64007187,
      "labor_force": 24830.73,
      "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
      "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
      "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
      "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
      "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 44,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
      "num_border_partners": 156,
      "num_colonial_partners": 84,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
      "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
      "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "283325",
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: of copper",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 15,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 41047297.62833712,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 52059531.01530526,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 71585595.82413168,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 75770419.64018932,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 75811081.22750571,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -27.828218401508654,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.824166511633707,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.312761382254806,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 125420085.71491034,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 51876133.624036,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -34.140979783763456,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.6237,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.5678,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 56,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 79.12559159828845,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.781815429920073,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 79.12559159828845,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ZAF",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 6342.86,
      "distance_km": 9535.7275390625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.016689382078733335,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0457486583338207,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8567749035478974,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98411192381764,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "corridor_rank": 89,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 6,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 856443.048898432,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 425930.5723949419,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 428578.1097314996,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 851857.7891569549,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 638893.6869972899,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.40519783655499,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1340.559711248713,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 255.03255528495643,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1698417.1480078658,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21006683.03601194,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 40,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -275.43775312151143,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.1963,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.4014,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.0770027682629575,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.0733634850939495,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 29.867042864152772,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 40,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1787.9,
      "distance_km": 9693.59375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.016689382078733335,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0457486583338207,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5244485307854154,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.95800969359009,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "hs_code": 283325,
    "num_markets": 39,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 202000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 294.11764705882354,
    "median_price_across_markets": 3638.769230769231,
    "price_spread_pct": 5543.244695138329,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 604.5840471698114,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1210322807
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1676299.599021003,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 128.34135762710181
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 955416.2119566257,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.0044478615511
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1750940.861979337,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 83.26472170631607
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1687629.6928871013,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.6158370889046485
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 24528455.79393984,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1353.4264179707543
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 53793053.67531466,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 119.30876581560067
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 50697502.64763059,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.754555311859163
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 126036251.77892916,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 148.6044582016894
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 119636754.28869563,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.07750540015932
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 38471853.94893348,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -67.84278027461612
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 55803288.10246215,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.04964636363496
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 113590073.64468569,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 103.55444545869668
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 127035207.47954118,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.836539411808479
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 51922138.25634012,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.12775734655915
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 44817861.754171185,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.682557654107105
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ZAF",
    "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
    "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
    "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
    "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
    "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
    "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
    "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
    "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
    "population": 64007187,
    "labor_force": 24830.73,
    "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
    "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
    "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
    "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
    "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 44,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
    "num_border_partners": 156,
    "num_colonial_partners": 84,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
    "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
    "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
  }
}