{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/280700",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/280700",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/zaf/280700",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "280700",
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "first_data_year": 2000,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 91,
    "current_lane_count": 21,
    "active_market_count": 21,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 60630639.75718859,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 59709726.021637544,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 43904027.258161426,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 34710628.33055277,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 37383072.308093034,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 103.67777242762494,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.599066816207866,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.9478919313540315,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 23930229.628004875,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 125991352.59405771,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 98.72988049627091,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "COD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 53381701.14675712,
    "top_market_share_pct": 88.0441000796598,
    "destination_hhi": 7830.02126754802,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 31.951320987549916,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 19.28531664671047,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4802562936532198,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 98.02477873065928,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 53.84615384615385,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 80.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:22",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 280700,
      "hs_description": "Sulphuric acid: oleum",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2807,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sulphuric acid: oleum",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2807,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 280700,
        "corridor_rank": 9,
        "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
        "importer_iso3": "COD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 53381701.14675712,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 15111439.84852677,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 36683173.702757806,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 24765523.090625178,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 29738936.095645465,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1211.82337918459,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.809454633601387,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.6160550426290525,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 80160513.21255521,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 211874427.4078137,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1207.207324141961,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 110.0318,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 253.3463,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 25.194971285519312,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 21.769516252336775,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 70.05257562120877,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ZMB",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5557.75,
        "distance_km": null,
        "has_reported_fta": null,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5032532267944174,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.97050110005657,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "hs_code": 280700,
      "num_markets": 36,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SYC",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 112562.5,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 25.628373168851198,
      "median_price_across_markets": 332.3610854716633,
      "price_spread_pct": 33859.821906384386,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6388.714765765767,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 115612709
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 8949660.662884777,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 120.23930704902116
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 16590969.544632254,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 85.38099006856005
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 18665604.945635796,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.504606167966578
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 27553965.741130006,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.61892701244809
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 36839004.37566688,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.697648903863694
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 15900078.924185783,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -56.839010191360664
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2237139.6050485233,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -85.93000943130173
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 22597493.210769128,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 910.1065288806145
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 70896022.9530718,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 213.7340159451199
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 88646846.73509128,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.03782728936612
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 34774400.330180846,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -60.77198274846788
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 7066659.548098711,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -79.67855813184065
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 61640424.1581963,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 772.2710318594687
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 10361931.59465042,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -83.18971399668314
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 59709726.021637544,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 476.2412681093556
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ZAF",
      "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
      "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
      "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
      "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
      "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
      "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
      "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
      "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
      "population": 64007187,
      "labor_force": 24830.73,
      "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
      "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
      "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
      "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
      "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 44,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
      "num_border_partners": 156,
      "num_colonial_partners": 84,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
      "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
      "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "280700",
    "hs_description": "Sulphuric acid: oleum",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2807
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 280700,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
      "importer_iso3": "COD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 53381701.14675712,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 15111439.84852677,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 36683173.702757806,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 24765523.090625178,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 29738936.095645465,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1211.82337918459,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.809454633601387,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.6160550426290525,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 80160513.21255521,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 211874427.4078137,
      "historical_peak_year": 2019,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1207.207324141961,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 110.0318,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 253.3463,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 25.194971285519312,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 21.769516252336775,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 70.05257562120877,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ZMB",
      "supplier_count_latest": 22,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5557.75,
      "distance_km": null,
      "has_reported_fta": null,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5032532267944174,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.97050110005657,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ZAF",
    "hs_code": 280700,
    "num_markets": 36,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SYC",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 112562.5,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 25.628373168851198,
    "median_price_across_markets": 332.3610854716633,
    "price_spread_pct": 33859.821906384386,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6388.714765765767,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 115612709
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 8949660.662884777,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 120.23930704902116
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 16590969.544632254,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 85.38099006856005
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 18665604.945635796,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.504606167966578
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 27553965.741130006,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.61892701244809
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 36839004.37566688,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.697648903863694
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 15900078.924185783,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -56.839010191360664
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2237139.6050485233,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -85.93000943130173
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 22597493.210769128,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 910.1065288806145
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 70896022.9530718,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 213.7340159451199
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 88646846.73509128,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.03782728936612
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 34774400.330180846,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.77198274846788
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 7066659.548098711,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -79.67855813184065
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 61640424.1581963,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 772.2710318594687
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 10361931.59465042,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -83.18971399668314
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 59709726.021637544,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 476.2412681093556
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ZAF",
    "exports_usd": 143643588057.48822,
    "imports_usd": 108756714208.7475,
    "trade_balance_usd": 34886873848.74072,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.6188304751598945,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.215180185719783,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.5026660587278187,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1100057534715777,
    "export_partner_hhi": 659.5115935150444,
    "export_product_hhi": 419.28642382719164,
    "momentum_score": 1.9839811502302716,
    "risk_score": 5.393990086711181,
    "gdp_million_usd": 401144.99837358523,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 6267.186814093005,
    "population": 64007187,
    "labor_force": 24830.73,
    "investment_rate_pct": 19.8,
    "savings_rate_pct": 19.18,
    "secondary_education_pct": 86.3,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 3.54,
    "total_factor_productivity": 766.8,
    "trade_openness_pct": 53.03997546425698,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 30.185591371164566,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 44,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 8463.901234567902,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 16.296296296296298,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13286497953382187,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13753052664362925,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.023843319067471676,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11368720757615758,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 8922.596566095852,
    "num_border_partners": 156,
    "num_colonial_partners": 84,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.859204161980857,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.80344666977177,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6781555659059153,
    "real_market_potential": 276416.4802767972,
    "foreign_market_potential": 11984.470970085875
  }
}