{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/ven/410190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/410190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/ven/410190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "410190",
    "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 36,
    "current_lane_count": 2,
    "active_market_count": 2,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 12653733.736244278,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 738892.2297936843,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1806753.475776149,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1411549.954011302,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3576957.4136508196,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -23.063325139346247,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5895891244161122,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.55151376671122,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 5947497.588933909,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 29716036.11065423,
    "historical_peak_year": 2017,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -36.61483890605747,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "HKG",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 8665202.297100503,
    "top_market_share_pct": 68.47941072349765,
    "destination_hhi": 4797.152758232911,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 45.01057268593601,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -7.6956344232196905,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.65771944305005,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 82.32966640755055,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 75,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 71,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:17",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 410190,
      "hs_description": "Hides and skins: other than whole, but including butts, bends and bellies, of bovine (including. buffalo) and equine animals, fresh, salted or preserved, but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4101,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Hides and skins: other than whole, but including butts, bends and bellies, of bovine (including. buffalo) and equine animals, fresh, salted or preserved, but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4101,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 410190,
        "corridor_rank": 23,
        "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
        "importer_iso3": "ESP",
        "latest_data_year": 2001,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 650433.3967331714,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 153861.19922893494,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 237212.93793712967,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 180957.8184644741,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 153861.19922893491,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 276.44699120731275,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 70.24977841144853,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 650433.3967331714,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14945098.733738713,
        "historical_peak_year": 2001,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.456,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.5259,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.6442776720746801,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.545288727685309,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.58053879125757,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 17,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2583.24,
        "distance_km": 6995.1689453125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.010654839723707071,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05200121422614393,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6156323379371278,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 73.18848926747086,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 410190,
        "corridor_rank": 80,
        "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
        "importer_iso3": "JPN",
        "latest_data_year": 2001,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 27097.90723629828,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 27097.90723629828,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 27097.90723629828,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27097.90723629828,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 27097.90723629828,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27097.90723629828,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17655060.28754285,
        "historical_peak_year": 2001,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.0211,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.2857,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.12611154990856474,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.12611154990856474,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 57.02433258534123,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 11,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4325.78,
        "distance_km": 14172.1962890625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019783297279095356,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.023511642371901013,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','buyer_macro_weakness','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "hs_code": 410190,
      "num_markets": 7,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DOM",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 22181.818181818184,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "KHM",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 183.0517400272085,
      "median_price_across_markets": 613.1990392906812,
      "price_spread_pct": 3587.5409177480255,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1632.1368461538464,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 25588161
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2215730.562066156,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.80728771049716
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1850700.535934689,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.474477194153
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1491770.4906358297,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.394280075548963
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1006541.2497423546,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.527070614371674
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 207325.0684083498,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -79.40222832780883
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 86768.63388720687,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -58.148508256461106
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 94419.42941598431,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.817466849510314
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 17030963.847176388,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17937.562769144635
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 10738607.446198808,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.946566603280104
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 761065.0097733007,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -92.91281468676185
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 15003.701862382683,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -98.02859129381709
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1622485.6408656803,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10713.90216726167
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 3084930.9714678605,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 90.13610313505701
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1596437.226066902,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -48.25047170156643
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 738892.2297936843,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.71617388213424
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "VEN",
      "exports_usd": 13200085503.257254,
      "imports_usd": 14325240493.82624,
      "trade_balance_usd": -1125154990.568987,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 82.11112530683995,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 36.42892163766183,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 44.378505179386885,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 23.02352215844412,
      "export_partner_hhi": 2516.299220254697,
      "export_product_hhi": 4955.455899791821,
      "momentum_score": 70.79133926860403,
      "risk_score": 37.35877560023259,
      "gdp_million_usd": 119802.96325778269,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4217.5910264339145,
      "population": 28405543,
      "labor_force": 13647.58,
      "investment_rate_pct": 20.62,
      "savings_rate_pct": 16.2,
      "secondary_education_pct": 71.03,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 14.49,
      "total_factor_productivity": 531.08,
      "trade_openness_pct": 14.390220515210059,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 6.900995150125605,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 5,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9222.366255144032,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.8518518518518516,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13132459018022274,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13716341397185977,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.04698212517883296,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09018128879302681,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9022.806952651094,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.79007230856391,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 69.9105733824303,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.787480273540242,
      "real_market_potential": 200308.2871830689,
      "foreign_market_potential": 9461.022611337874
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "410190",
    "hs_description": "Hides and skins: other than whole, but including butts, bends and bellies, of bovine (including. buffalo) and equine animals, fresh, salted or preserved, but not tanned, parchment dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4101
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 410190,
      "corridor_rank": 23,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "latest_data_year": 2001,
      "lane_data_years": 5,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 650433.3967331714,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 153861.19922893494,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 237212.93793712967,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 180957.8184644741,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 153861.19922893491,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 276.44699120731275,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 70.24977841144853,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 650433.3967331714,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14945098.733738713,
      "historical_peak_year": 2001,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -21.456,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.5259,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.6442776720746801,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.545288727685309,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 44.58053879125757,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 17,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2583.24,
      "distance_km": 6995.1689453125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.010654839723707071,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05200121422614393,
      "volatility_cv": 1.6156323379371278,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 73.18848926747086,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 410190,
      "corridor_rank": 80,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "latest_data_year": 2001,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 27097.90723629828,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 27097.90723629828,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 27097.90723629828,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 27097.90723629828,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 27097.90723629828,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27097.90723629828,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17655060.28754285,
      "historical_peak_year": 2001,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.0211,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.2857,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.12611154990856474,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.12611154990856474,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 57.02433258534123,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 11,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4325.78,
      "distance_km": 14172.1962890625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019783297279095356,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.023511642371901013,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','buyer_macro_weakness','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
    "hs_code": 410190,
    "num_markets": 7,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DOM",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 22181.818181818184,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "KHM",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 183.0517400272085,
    "median_price_across_markets": 613.1990392906812,
    "price_spread_pct": 3587.5409177480255,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1632.1368461538464,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 25588161
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2215730.562066156,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.80728771049716
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1850700.535934689,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.474477194153
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1491770.4906358297,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.394280075548963
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1006541.2497423546,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.527070614371674
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 207325.0684083498,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -79.40222832780883
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 86768.63388720687,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.148508256461106
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 94419.42941598431,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.817466849510314
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 17030963.847176388,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17937.562769144635
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 10738607.446198808,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.946566603280104
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 761065.0097733007,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -92.91281468676185
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 15003.701862382683,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.02859129381709
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1622485.6408656803,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10713.90216726167
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 3084930.9714678605,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 90.13610313505701
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1596437.226066902,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.25047170156643
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 738892.2297936843,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.71617388213424
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "VEN",
    "exports_usd": 13200085503.257254,
    "imports_usd": 14325240493.82624,
    "trade_balance_usd": -1125154990.568987,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 82.11112530683995,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 36.42892163766183,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 44.378505179386885,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 23.02352215844412,
    "export_partner_hhi": 2516.299220254697,
    "export_product_hhi": 4955.455899791821,
    "momentum_score": 70.79133926860403,
    "risk_score": 37.35877560023259,
    "gdp_million_usd": 119802.96325778269,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 4217.5910264339145,
    "population": 28405543,
    "labor_force": 13647.58,
    "investment_rate_pct": 20.62,
    "savings_rate_pct": 16.2,
    "secondary_education_pct": 71.03,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 14.49,
    "total_factor_productivity": 531.08,
    "trade_openness_pct": 14.390220515210059,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 6.900995150125605,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 5,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 3,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9222.366255144032,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258192,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 1.8518518518518516,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13132459018022274,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13716341397185977,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.04698212517883296,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09018128879302681,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9022.806952651094,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.79007230856391,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 69.9105733824303,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.787480273540242,
    "real_market_potential": 200308.2871830689,
    "foreign_market_potential": 9461.022611337874
  }
}