{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/tur/844090",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844090",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/tur/844090",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844090",
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 93,
    "current_lane_count": 27,
    "active_market_count": 27,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 229089.27491053677,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 142874.17656732004,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 105651.57338605664,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 93171.07622397222,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 92715.56371336347,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.405881478852148,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 25.28659962987847,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.795372018053225,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 330318.085244582,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 1354865.0791941246,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.389490539201077,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "TUN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 28991.26609308775,
    "top_market_share_pct": 12.655008011356852,
    "destination_hhi": 721.1560118124867,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 5.466593224142272,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.5202021918976,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2690981764609246,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 82.66480657661941,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 49.46236559139785,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 93.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:08",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8440,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8440,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844090,
        "corridor_rank": 63,
        "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 16,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 28348.711627233726,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7807.535524478108,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 14161.075589815979,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9165.14735236855,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10514.246510203302,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 104.87348908625079,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 116.33103300882101,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 75.48970241003141,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28348.711627233726,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13986588.061210545,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 29.383786676219373,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.2566,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.7277,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20268496865117608,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1947523182271208,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 39.32286889130105,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2599.42,
        "distance_km": 2255.81005859375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.041587624425541425,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05178782842248142,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2723335972833316,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.83803644409515,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "num_markets": 62,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DZA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2492000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CZE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 106.43605521370364,
      "median_price_across_markets": 68000,
      "price_spread_pct": 3664.5493587423325,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.2948943661971832,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 625887
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 61961.44144997303,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -71.55303652344037
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 90779.9088603529,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.510324382378315
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 151695.51144209126,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 67.10251568488033
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 64007.059225416844,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.80556812991061
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 74033.69255946754,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.664886741225532
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 50086.49278649073,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.346353322497365
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 60835.08681161445,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.460065233441174
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 228706.5429197638,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 275.94512460874773
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 75388.16079181778,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -67.03716481855706
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 46283.97270408695,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.605780777834866
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 26900.836172062624,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.87872258924041
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 121999.82478962856,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 353.5168498454679
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 95960.35659930453,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.343857038504282
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 78120.18699154533,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.59118727773517
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 142874.17656732007,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 82.8902132335946
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "exports_usd": 266453183406.02615,
      "imports_usd": 320288758005.0291,
      "trade_balance_usd": -53835574599.00296,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.4581553310775606,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.299584534146251,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.508421595949886,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.794190638166554,
      "export_partner_hhi": 316.3490925648709,
      "export_product_hhi": 60.710408947970876,
      "momentum_score": 3.3732352105392582,
      "risk_score": 1.8852975075642087,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1359123.7687741222,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15892.715728724077,
      "population": 85518661,
      "labor_force": 34752.89,
      "investment_rate_pct": 27.54,
      "savings_rate_pct": 23.29,
      "secondary_education_pct": 65.14,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 11.93,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1356.29,
      "trade_openness_pct": 37.873145419129656,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 17.199077567657092,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 46,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6497.526748971193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.037037037037038,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1335110138343466,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13763990318574762,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040500587572199306,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09713931561354831,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6524.584306311585,
      "num_border_partners": 200,
      "num_colonial_partners": 355,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.839634282742692,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.77319587628865,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6944704779756323,
      "real_market_potential": 99877.51048295038,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20872.279524361467
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844090",
    "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8440
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "corridor_rank": 63,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 16,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 28348.711627233726,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7807.535524478108,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 14161.075589815979,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9165.14735236855,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10514.246510203302,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 104.87348908625079,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 116.33103300882101,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 75.48970241003141,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28348.711627233726,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13986588.061210545,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 29.383786676219373,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.2566,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.7277,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20268496865117608,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1947523182271208,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 39.32286889130105,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 39,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2599.42,
      "distance_km": 2255.81005859375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.041587624425541425,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05178782842248142,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2723335972833316,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.83803644409515,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "hs_code": 844090,
    "num_markets": 62,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "DZA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2492000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CZE",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 106.43605521370364,
    "median_price_across_markets": 68000,
    "price_spread_pct": 3664.5493587423325,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.2948943661971832,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 625887
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 61961.44144997303,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.55303652344037
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 90779.9088603529,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.510324382378315
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 151695.51144209126,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 67.10251568488033
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 64007.059225416844,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.80556812991061
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 74033.69255946754,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.664886741225532
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 50086.49278649073,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.346353322497365
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 60835.08681161445,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.460065233441174
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 228706.5429197638,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 275.94512460874773
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 75388.16079181778,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -67.03716481855706
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 46283.97270408695,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.605780777834866
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 26900.836172062624,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.87872258924041
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 121999.82478962856,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 353.5168498454679
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 95960.35659930453,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.343857038504282
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 78120.18699154533,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.59118727773517
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 142874.17656732007,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 82.8902132335946
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "TUR",
    "exports_usd": 266453183406.02615,
    "imports_usd": 320288758005.0291,
    "trade_balance_usd": -53835574599.00296,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.4581553310775606,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.299584534146251,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.508421595949886,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.794190638166554,
    "export_partner_hhi": 316.3490925648709,
    "export_product_hhi": 60.710408947970876,
    "momentum_score": 3.3732352105392582,
    "risk_score": 1.8852975075642087,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1359123.7687741222,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15892.715728724077,
    "population": 85518661,
    "labor_force": 34752.89,
    "investment_rate_pct": 27.54,
    "savings_rate_pct": 23.29,
    "secondary_education_pct": 65.14,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 11.93,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1356.29,
    "trade_openness_pct": 37.873145419129656,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 17.199077567657092,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 46,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6497.526748971193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.037037037037038,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1335110138343466,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13763990318574762,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040500587572199306,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09713931561354831,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6524.584306311585,
    "num_border_partners": 200,
    "num_colonial_partners": 355,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.839634282742692,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.77319587628865,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6944704779756323,
    "real_market_potential": 99877.51048295038,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20872.279524361467
  }
}