{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/tur/321519",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/321519",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/tur/321519",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "321519",
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 166,
    "current_lane_count": 143,
    "active_market_count": 143,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 85181178.9882791,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 85040189.10152759,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 89845103.62337847,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 74264622.29375993,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 55600360.83827877,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 16.496315464248944,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.298513540378586,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.835315503018485,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 32143159.24648742,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 136558799.5198366,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.660999961230459,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "RUS",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 24015839.21268368,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.193832837167292,
    "destination_hhi": 1013.4397528254151,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 19.927552810538277,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.27341873954850043,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.3342202962554797,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 85.16934774993923,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 24.698795180722893,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:08",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 321519,
      "hs_description": "Ink: for printing, other than black, whether or not concentrated or solid",
      "hs_chapter": 32,
      "hs_heading": 3215,
      "substitution_elasticity": -2.7772033,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Ink: for printing, other than black, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 321519,
        "corridor_rank": 41,
        "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
        "importer_iso3": "RUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 24015839.21268368,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5049010.826834026,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 32402665.28504325,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20164999.23779822,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11024252.484098913,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 131.7279708762617,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 82.69209091064565,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.986265116005406,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38503838,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 77684425.88156748,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 112.74170576025631,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -32.861,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8974,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 30.914612472384924,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.3624316115875814,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 30.914612472384924,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2009.59,
        "distance_km": 1757.7095947265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08969909843678162,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.013839591919540234,
        "volatility_cv": 1.9017674765412305,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 84.05698381622729,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs_code": 321519,
      "num_markets": 152,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BHS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 449625,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 457.5612671846981,
      "median_price_across_markets": 6088.817636452385,
      "price_spread_pct": 7376.923822512776,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 102.4389446366782,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 309176690
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 19518524.892027773,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.535715758879245
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 21702288.926564086,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.188161229480302
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 24431829.170566846,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.577199820898805
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 25764231.267428894,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.453550315697196
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 27786544.661131587,
        "active_destinations": 84,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.84930616679916
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 30074033.41690397,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.232361323328446
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 38789845.19591112,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.981186720728246
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 36152606.34845652,
        "active_destinations": 104,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.798786729194255
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 34112462.19700365,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.643145425779157
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 45551549.7557127,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.53345616815029
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 47999521.710205585,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.374069526988766
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 53788278.88845862,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.06003095864648
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 91566708.49527621,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 70.23543118968199
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 92928413.27333164,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4871177532014026
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 85040189.10152757,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.488495492333788
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "exports_usd": 266453183406.02615,
      "imports_usd": 320288758005.0291,
      "trade_balance_usd": -53835574599.00296,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.4581553310775606,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.299584534146251,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.508421595949886,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.794190638166554,
      "export_partner_hhi": 316.3490925648709,
      "export_product_hhi": 60.710408947970876,
      "momentum_score": 3.3732352105392582,
      "risk_score": 1.8852975075642087,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1359123.7687741222,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15892.715728724077,
      "population": 85518661,
      "labor_force": 34752.89,
      "investment_rate_pct": 27.54,
      "savings_rate_pct": 23.29,
      "secondary_education_pct": 65.14,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 11.93,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1356.29,
      "trade_openness_pct": 37.873145419129656,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 17.199077567657092,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 46,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6497.526748971193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.037037037037038,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1335110138343466,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13763990318574762,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040500587572199306,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09713931561354831,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6524.584306311585,
      "num_border_partners": 200,
      "num_colonial_partners": 355,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.839634282742692,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.77319587628865,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6944704779756323,
      "real_market_potential": 99877.51048295038,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20872.279524361467
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "321519",
    "hs_description": "Ink: for printing, other than black, whether or not concentrated or solid",
    "hs_chapter": 32,
    "hs_heading": 3215
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 321519,
      "corridor_rank": 41,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 29,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 24015839.21268368,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5049010.826834026,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 32402665.28504325,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 20164999.23779822,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11024252.484098913,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 131.7279708762617,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 82.69209091064565,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.986265116005406,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38503838,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 77684425.88156748,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.714285714285715,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 112.74170576025631,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -32.861,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8974,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 30.914612472384924,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.3624316115875814,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 30.914612472384924,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 20,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2009.59,
      "distance_km": 1757.7095947265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08969909843678162,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.013839591919540234,
      "volatility_cv": 1.9017674765412305,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 84.05698381622729,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "hs_code": 321519,
    "num_markets": 152,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BHS",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 449625,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 457.5612671846981,
    "median_price_across_markets": 6088.817636452385,
    "price_spread_pct": 7376.923822512776,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 102.4389446366782,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 309176690
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 19518524.892027773,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.535715758879245
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 21702288.926564086,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.188161229480302
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 24431829.170566846,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.577199820898805
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 25764231.267428894,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.453550315697196
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 27786544.661131587,
      "active_destinations": 84,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.84930616679916
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 30074033.41690397,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.232361323328446
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 38789845.19591112,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.981186720728246
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 36152606.34845652,
      "active_destinations": 104,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.798786729194255
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 34112462.19700365,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.643145425779157
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 45551549.7557127,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.53345616815029
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 47999521.710205585,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.374069526988766
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 53788278.88845862,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.06003095864648
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 91566708.49527621,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.23543118968199
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 92928413.27333164,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4871177532014026
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 85040189.10152757,
      "active_destinations": 143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.488495492333788
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "TUR",
    "exports_usd": 266453183406.02615,
    "imports_usd": 320288758005.0291,
    "trade_balance_usd": -53835574599.00296,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.4581553310775606,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.299584534146251,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.508421595949886,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.794190638166554,
    "export_partner_hhi": 316.3490925648709,
    "export_product_hhi": 60.710408947970876,
    "momentum_score": 3.3732352105392582,
    "risk_score": 1.8852975075642087,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1359123.7687741222,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15892.715728724077,
    "population": 85518661,
    "labor_force": 34752.89,
    "investment_rate_pct": 27.54,
    "savings_rate_pct": 23.29,
    "secondary_education_pct": 65.14,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 11.93,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1356.29,
    "trade_openness_pct": 37.873145419129656,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 17.199077567657092,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 46,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6497.526748971193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.037037037037038,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1335110138343466,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13763990318574762,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040500587572199306,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09713931561354831,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6524.584306311585,
    "num_border_partners": 200,
    "num_colonial_partners": 355,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.839634282742692,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.77319587628865,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6944704779756323,
    "real_market_potential": 99877.51048295038,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20872.279524361467
  }
}