{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/tur/090412",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/090412",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/tur/090412",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "090412",
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 165,
    "current_lane_count": 115,
    "active_market_count": 115,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2695621.5478390316,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2652714.5274251276,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2522109.371484923,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2297866.6886873445,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2091315.9398444365,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.918398448442398,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.860217840102184,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.8032586029582927,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1330077.8558616024,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 5651810.464792268,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.115139845484105,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "GBR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 639940.3716447735,
    "top_market_share_pct": 23.739993181082383,
    "destination_hhi": 1159.9729820972375,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 5.492455256944118,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9080043918135927,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1154154982885132,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.38923026739778,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 29.696969696969695,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:08",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
      "hs_chapter": 9,
      "hs_heading": 904,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.5055566,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 90412,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 639940.3716447735,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 210399.0959470179,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 671395.9484132612,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 594681.3158649339,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 536920.22038326,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.57960317025393,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.47010298139496,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 20.69232431526551,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 888543.4483615868,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 42174414.59523601,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.271927485519438,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.532,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.9218,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.5173663411490736,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1292522916346317,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.339148456283226,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 63,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3319.88,
        "distance_km": 2501.8857421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2300000640239466,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.70555491262937,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 90412,
        "corridor_rank": 63,
        "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 564462.2732601378,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 145047.29423804968,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 466297.20917933556,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 375082.3888879032,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 289576.10668434814,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 34.50755219455694,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.185194542005448,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.471241184636986,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 564462.2732601378,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27714186.564170618,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 19.036311009919956,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.7888,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.6183,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.0367268292473875,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.16599146023488798,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.31000410745713,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 87,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1733.34,
        "distance_km": 2038.332275390625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.040839898375808655,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.051382819641004746,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8789577034461173,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.7732827983683,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "num_markets": 146,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MUS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 60000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 250,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5719.161725955204,
      "price_spread_pct": 1044.7335267481121,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.136676829268294,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 11224716
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 556093.143110507,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.5036150003022628
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 620737.3749983018,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.624712997935433
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1425678.0126244724,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 129.67491084750176
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1504507.3329981912,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.529251322927061
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1826335.8506853657,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.390957068041182
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1646218.774168507,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.862209979028039
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2419816.9335110416,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.99242722057239
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1895743.9427403787,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.657547044695544
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 2075831.7197791662,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.499583407792032
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1386214.584808547,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.221244689525356
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1752638.308567245,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.43340560504242
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2170367.02041471,
        "active_destinations": 117,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.83427942921959
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2533911.805888674,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.750382864023553
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2379701.78114097,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.08584814946315
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2652714.5274251266,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.472561328808943
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "TUR",
      "exports_usd": 266453183406.02615,
      "imports_usd": 320288758005.0291,
      "trade_balance_usd": -53835574599.00296,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.4581553310775606,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.299584534146251,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.508421595949886,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.794190638166554,
      "export_partner_hhi": 316.3490925648709,
      "export_product_hhi": 60.710408947970876,
      "momentum_score": 3.3732352105392582,
      "risk_score": 1.8852975075642087,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1359123.7687741222,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15892.715728724077,
      "population": 85518661,
      "labor_force": 34752.89,
      "investment_rate_pct": 27.54,
      "savings_rate_pct": 23.29,
      "secondary_education_pct": 65.14,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 11.93,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1356.29,
      "trade_openness_pct": 37.873145419129656,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 17.199077567657092,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 46,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6497.526748971193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.037037037037038,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1335110138343466,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13763990318574762,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040500587572199306,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09713931561354831,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6524.584306311585,
      "num_border_partners": 200,
      "num_colonial_partners": 355,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.839634282742692,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.77319587628865,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6944704779756323,
      "real_market_potential": 99877.51048295038,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20872.279524361467
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "090412",
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "corridor_rank": 58,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 639940.3716447735,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 210399.0959470179,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 671395.9484132612,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 594681.3158649339,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 536920.22038326,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.57960317025393,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.47010298139496,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 20.69232431526551,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 888543.4483615868,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 42174414.59523601,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -23.271927485519438,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.532,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.9218,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.5173663411490736,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.1292522916346317,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 55.339148456283226,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 63,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3319.88,
      "distance_km": 2501.8857421875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2300000640239466,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 81.70555491262937,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "corridor_rank": 63,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 564462.2732601378,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 145047.29423804968,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 466297.20917933556,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 375082.3888879032,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 289576.10668434814,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 34.50755219455694,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.185194542005448,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 15.471241184636986,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 564462.2732601378,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27714186.564170618,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75.86206896551724,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 19.036311009919956,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.7888,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.6183,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.0367268292473875,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.16599146023488798,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.31000410745713,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 87,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1733.34,
      "distance_km": 2038.332275390625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.040839898375808655,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.051382819641004746,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8789577034461173,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 81.7732827983683,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "hs_code": 90412,
    "num_markets": 146,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MUS",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 60000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 250,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5719.161725955204,
    "price_spread_pct": 1044.7335267481121,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.136676829268294,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 11224716
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 556093.143110507,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.5036150003022628
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 620737.3749983018,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.624712997935433
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1425678.0126244724,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 129.67491084750176
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1504507.3329981912,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.529251322927061
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1826335.8506853657,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.390957068041182
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1646218.774168507,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.862209979028039
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2419816.9335110416,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.99242722057239
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1895743.9427403787,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.657547044695544
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 2075831.7197791662,
      "active_destinations": 82,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.499583407792032
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1386214.584808547,
      "active_destinations": 83,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.221244689525356
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1752638.308567245,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.43340560504242
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2170367.02041471,
      "active_destinations": 117,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.83427942921959
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2533911.805888674,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.750382864023553
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2379701.78114097,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.08584814946315
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 2652714.5274251266,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.472561328808943
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "TUR",
    "exports_usd": 266453183406.02615,
    "imports_usd": 320288758005.0291,
    "trade_balance_usd": -53835574599.00296,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 2.4581553310775606,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.299584534146251,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.508421595949886,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.794190638166554,
    "export_partner_hhi": 316.3490925648709,
    "export_product_hhi": 60.710408947970876,
    "momentum_score": 3.3732352105392582,
    "risk_score": 1.8852975075642087,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1359123.7687741222,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 15892.715728724077,
    "population": 85518661,
    "labor_force": 34752.89,
    "investment_rate_pct": 27.54,
    "savings_rate_pct": 23.29,
    "secondary_education_pct": 65.14,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 11.93,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1356.29,
    "trade_openness_pct": 37.873145419129656,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 17.199077567657092,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 46,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 1,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6497.526748971193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.037037037037038,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.3703703703703704,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.1335110138343466,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13763990318574762,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.040500587572199306,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09713931561354831,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6524.584306311585,
    "num_border_partners": 200,
    "num_colonial_partners": 355,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.839634282742692,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.77319587628865,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6944704779756323,
    "real_market_potential": 99877.51048295038,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20872.279524361467
  }
}