{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/sgp/844090",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844090",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/sgp/844090",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844090",
    "exporter_iso3": "SGP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 99,
    "current_lane_count": 15,
    "active_market_count": 15,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 310853.06954573834,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 56004.84416620027,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 148858.2711280863,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 131489.5386774709,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 266472.75370531995,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.711209082640595,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -33.5715895055692,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -27.146702095174646,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 882580.0754279052,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 5853476.369881966,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.435493012534051,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 63197.93377835509,
    "top_market_share_pct": 20.330484067829435,
    "destination_hhi": 848.4773521144643,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 6.615522432002516,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.80756414186159,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.5040334636691104,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.63432702105715,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 56.56565656565657,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 77.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:53",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8440,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8440,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844090,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "SGP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2022,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 63197.93377835509,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5625.142152387944,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22540.430365342396,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 22540.430365342396,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11394.870164921555,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 760.0153621497265,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 263.66685885071763,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 60.41966263117467,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 63197.93377835509,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21903235.834502358,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.166666666666664,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 699.5956995185518,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.8171,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.4021,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.23634709637926626,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.22253038733018912,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.83277051932558,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 52,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2849.05,
        "distance_km": 10380.26953125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019122431492983538,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04206930474126799,
        "volatility_cv": 2.201733193982074,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.28629447767506,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "SGP",
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "num_markets": 39,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2752000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5291.666666666667,
      "median_price_across_markets": 142000,
      "price_spread_pct": 1934.3016431924887,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.14776744186046506,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1244910
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 762500.6184767447,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 101.57025135497182
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 779996.5094027806,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.2945412111255123
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 560241.1464985596,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.173890556571962
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 500304.8001318723,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.698312100295086
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1329638.042514642,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 165.76559772446134
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 445899.03473534016,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -66.46463018672016
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 371615.32862560404,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.659310813226277
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 326506.4134948518,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.138604534313679
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 430290.57828766975,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.786256105028816
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 432968.48852237954,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6223492611356886
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 129494.52905186631,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -70.09146566444109
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 81378.35095122928,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.15691964203762
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 167269.43317159498,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 105.54537074834673
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 223300.53604646365,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.49751464595962
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 56004.84416620027,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -74.91952094797169
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "SGP",
      "exports_usd": 403284481732.5063,
      "imports_usd": 427092116645.6244,
      "trade_balance_usd": -23807634913.118103,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 4.26373650964873,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 4.4259422041026175,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.5537837990148526,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.249995490838798,
      "export_partner_hhi": 693.6592462105042,
      "export_product_hhi": 329.10971312983617,
      "momentum_score": 3.750750696458567,
      "risk_score": 5.113844796701702,
      "gdp_million_usd": 547386.6458918466,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 90674.066632628,
      "population": 6036860,
      "labor_force": 3670.51,
      "investment_rate_pct": 27.31,
      "savings_rate_pct": 50.79,
      "secondary_education_pct": 92.34,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 49.84,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2465.3,
      "trade_openness_pct": 204.33354305625957,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 99.2375594073349,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 67,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 82,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9895.086419753086,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 24.814814814814813,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 30.37037037037037,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13254987245657146,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1383005530938359,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.034289026001960536,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10401152709187536,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 10106.492270944309,
      "num_border_partners": 30,
      "num_colonial_partners": 25,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.716236059005432,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.55396711937098,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.740052418394091,
      "real_market_potential": 719422.2855160808,
      "foreign_market_potential": 11701.313679557472
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844090",
    "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8440
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "corridor_rank": 52,
      "exporter_iso3": "SGP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2022,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 63197.93377835509,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5625.142152387944,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22540.430365342396,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 22540.430365342396,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11394.870164921555,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 760.0153621497265,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 263.66685885071763,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 60.41966263117467,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 63197.93377835509,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21903235.834502358,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.166666666666664,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 699.5956995185518,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.8171,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.4021,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.23634709637926626,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.22253038733018912,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 49.83277051932558,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 52,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2849.05,
      "distance_km": 10380.26953125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019122431492983538,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04206930474126799,
      "volatility_cv": 2.201733193982074,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.28629447767506,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "SGP",
    "hs_code": 844090,
    "num_markets": 39,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2752000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BRN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 5291.666666666667,
    "median_price_across_markets": 142000,
    "price_spread_pct": 1934.3016431924887,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 0.14776744186046506,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1244910
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 762500.6184767447,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 101.57025135497182
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 779996.5094027806,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.2945412111255123
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 560241.1464985596,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.173890556571962
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 500304.8001318723,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.698312100295086
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1329638.042514642,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 165.76559772446134
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 445899.03473534016,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.46463018672016
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 371615.32862560404,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.659310813226277
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 326506.4134948518,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.138604534313679
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 430290.57828766975,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.786256105028816
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 432968.48852237954,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6223492611356886
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 129494.52905186631,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -70.09146566444109
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 81378.35095122928,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.15691964203762
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 167269.43317159498,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 105.54537074834673
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 223300.53604646365,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.49751464595962
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 56004.84416620027,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -74.91952094797169
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "SGP",
    "exports_usd": 403284481732.5063,
    "imports_usd": 427092116645.6244,
    "trade_balance_usd": -23807634913.118103,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 4.26373650964873,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 4.4259422041026175,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.5537837990148526,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.249995490838798,
    "export_partner_hhi": 693.6592462105042,
    "export_product_hhi": 329.10971312983617,
    "momentum_score": 3.750750696458567,
    "risk_score": 5.113844796701702,
    "gdp_million_usd": 547386.6458918466,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 90674.066632628,
    "population": 6036860,
    "labor_force": 3670.51,
    "investment_rate_pct": 27.31,
    "savings_rate_pct": 50.79,
    "secondary_education_pct": 92.34,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 49.84,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2465.3,
    "trade_openness_pct": 204.33354305625957,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 99.2375594073349,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 67,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 82,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9895.086419753086,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 24.814814814814813,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 30.37037037037037,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13254987245657146,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1383005530938359,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.034289026001960536,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10401152709187536,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 10106.492270944309,
    "num_border_partners": 30,
    "num_colonial_partners": 25,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.716236059005432,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.55396711937098,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.740052418394091,
    "real_market_potential": 719422.2855160808,
    "foreign_market_potential": 11701.313679557472
  }
}