{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/860310",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860310",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/860310",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860310",
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "first_data_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 38,
    "current_lane_count": 14,
    "active_market_count": 14,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 655317061.4134909,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 485200771.1298552,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 403862825.5628875,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 392123953.1414548,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 341008410.8397226,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.7545782527378946,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.7571161213287603,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.325346085091832,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 771376741.7281651,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 1988705932.0153956,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.18181818181819,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.079924337829727,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "NLD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 229686583.50341475,
    "top_market_share_pct": 35.049687705061515,
    "destination_hhi": 1886.4707740151593,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 60.94480480065902,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 15.359570067512518,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8548606378200883,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 64.00275362034189,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 63.1578947368421,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 77,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:44",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860310,
      "hs_description": "Railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks: self-propelled, powered from an external source of electricity (excluding those of heading no. 8604)",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8603,
      "substitution_elasticity": -33.572735,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks: self-propelled, powered from an external source of electricity (excluding those of heading no. 8604)",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8603,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 860310,
        "corridor_rank": 2,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 9,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 229686583.50341475,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 71237748.54815666,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 123204109.86709689,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 92883070.38104813,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 77657428.23115543,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 392.736905097175,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 17.22805234166063,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.381170507952532,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 229686583.50341475,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 335597254.48943,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 379.3557345892225,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.0112,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 59.0131,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 68.44113902327797,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 34.25737143573035,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 68.44113902327797,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5089.6,
        "distance_km": 1093.5992431640625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04061878207569293,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.035555187306783836,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0141185947317004,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99572740818905,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860310,
        "corridor_rank": 18,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
        "latest_data_year": 2022,
        "lane_data_years": 4,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 99595150.89918734,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 77259142.6528699,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 130140322.73660833,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 130140322.73660833,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 130140322.73660833,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 98.09362095451515,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 50.70313760537639,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 22.7612062523729,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 160685494.57402933,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 141660494.65206435,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 75.33241470214224,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4337.6724,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5635.2148,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 49.98915496457639,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 18.490750050433245,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 99.89325997155869,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 3,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9978.67,
        "distance_km": 556.8245239257812,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.06502844017373738,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.06502844017373738,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7468949797989196,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 64.35449993321582,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860310,
        "corridor_rank": 19,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 3,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 98890460.55589978,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 88550061.46033014,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 88550061.46033014,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 88550061.46033014,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 88550061.46033014,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 154491790.61461505,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 243297061.43963608,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -67.2516,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2935.8737,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 40.645974090581156,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 19.85097906919624,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.64597409058115,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2984.24,
        "distance_km": 1451.6436767578125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6608828524192649,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 35.98982822162677,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860310,
        "corridor_rank": 26,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "SRB",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 2,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 78762790.29592587,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 40332998.96782987,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 40332998.96782987,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40332998.96782987,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40332998.96782987,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 78762790.29592587,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 108001121.80066429,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 5574.6894,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7790.6369,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 66.6667,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 72.92775202955477,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -27.072247970445233,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 72.92775202955477,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 3,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5766.89,
        "distance_km": null,
        "has_reported_fta": null,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03120685812,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.05742183084108593,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9528126425398742,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860310,
        "corridor_rank": 74,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "BIH",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 2,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 32394802.689671073,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17362976.459217492,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17362976.459217492,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 17362976.459217492,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 17362976.459217492,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32394802.689671073,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 32394881.52175978,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 1289.6522,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2159628.3404,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 66.6667,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 99.99975665264078,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.0002433473592162727,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 99.99975665264078,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 2,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9999.95,
        "distance_km": 952.23046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04172941827547893,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.048385589458980846,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8657401722429697,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": 860310,
      "num_markets": 24,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 156000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 2454.081632653061,
      "median_price_across_markets": 41564.101265822785,
      "price_spread_pct": 369.419556037903,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1115.7406,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2155667379
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 133087971.28636909,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 198.04803975718423
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 138705821.70653445,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.221155650556334
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 157445004.6323249,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.510019042630894
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 192530508.82543513,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.284291759553767
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 262756478.28971422,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.475242231843914
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 129487087.67042048,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.71973543211804
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 78097386.12453927,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.68712438469683
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 353481000.96493334,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 352.6156616832849
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 384405753.5138699,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.74863216538317
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 503993114.416189,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.109669875949
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 204802837.13767543,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -59.363961276551734
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 544228451.880936,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 165.7328675164237
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 355513287.1857473,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.67572561540296
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 370874418.3730602,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.320831806009847
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 485200771.1298552,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.826163006420902
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
      "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
      "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
      "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
      "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
      "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
      "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
      "population": 36559233,
      "labor_force": 17518.17,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
      "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
      "num_border_partners": 190,
      "num_colonial_partners": 40,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
      "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860310",
    "hs_description": "Railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks: self-propelled, powered from an external source of electricity (excluding those of heading no. 8604)",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8603
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 860310,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 9,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 229686583.50341475,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 71237748.54815666,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 123204109.86709689,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 92883070.38104813,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 77657428.23115543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 392.736905097175,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 17.22805234166063,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.381170507952532,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 229686583.50341475,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 335597254.48943,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 379.3557345892225,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -18.0112,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 59.0131,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 68.44113902327797,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 34.25737143573035,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 68.44113902327797,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 15,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5089.6,
      "distance_km": 1093.5992431640625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04061878207569293,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.035555187306783836,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0141185947317004,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99572740818905,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
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