{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/844311",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844311",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/844311",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844311",
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 79,
    "current_lane_count": 16,
    "active_market_count": 16,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4284998.16426308,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 406483.371209086,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1579981.071373307,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1276563.3450823592,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1042310.4710012611,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -24.514017505059403,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -13.259315055388676,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -11.121077057844332,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3839593.2175036166,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 14457381.078100063,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.392940447215071,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "LTU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1846878.1521449855,
    "top_market_share_pct": 43.10102551613591,
    "destination_hhi": 2131.3841526682263,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 42.05226207540109,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.1969670218473634,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.8801496860783429,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.79484213706526,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 59.49367088607595,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 78,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:44",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844311,
      "hs_description": "Printing machinery: offset, reel fed",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8443,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.7759447,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: offset, reel fed",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844311,
        "corridor_rank": 46,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2023,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 139236.2592910405,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 67428.77531050146,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 136596.20533034872,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 136596.20533034872,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 78668.80635795672,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 151.56952551369739,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 73.93813869055768,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 20.010027322408686,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 139236.2592910405,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 43151512.06761358,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 131.5594981912887,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -36.9336,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.0875,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20349525737642338,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.2541244648378286,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 53.53862252446105,
        "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 33,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3602.5,
        "distance_km": 6855.42236328125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.023609598792929294,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03702210507907071,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8454886128382214,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 73.28633384689212,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": 844311,
      "num_markets": 45,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 896500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 28.59856630824373,
      "median_price_across_markets": 9797.860232187571,
      "price_spread_pct": 9149.665132889288,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 22.790917647058823,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 9114701
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1177500.6094468858,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.79756781671108
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2264073.835438126,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 92.27793321496817
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2413807.7504950077,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.613473143551704
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1132588.178478687,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -53.07877446965594
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1321462.8337304,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.67637530045677
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1332852.535080586,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8619009978535427
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1315950.3126283,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2681239677624376
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 342321.0945525013,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -73.98677660794078
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 221358.08461230106,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.33612501979434
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 827805.9577271278,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 273.9668958452516
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 697847.314309565,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.699167444310842
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 945026.1969823102,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.42019545024667
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 508889.017226552,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.15080313629889
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3824570.825684283,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 651.5530294853316
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 406483.371209086,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -89.37179124833284
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
      "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
      "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
      "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
      "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
      "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
      "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
      "population": 36559233,
      "labor_force": 17518.17,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
      "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
      "num_border_partners": 190,
      "num_colonial_partners": 40,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
      "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844311",
    "hs_description": "Printing machinery: offset, reel fed",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 844311,
      "corridor_rank": 46,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2023,
      "lane_data_years": 5,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 139236.2592910405,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 67428.77531050146,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 136596.20533034872,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 136596.20533034872,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 78668.80635795672,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 151.56952551369739,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 73.93813869055768,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 20.010027322408686,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 139236.2592910405,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 43151512.06761358,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 75,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 131.5594981912887,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -36.9336,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.0875,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20349525737642338,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.2541244648378286,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 53.53862252446105,
      "peer_top_exporter": "GBR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 33,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3602.5,
      "distance_km": 6855.42236328125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.023609598792929294,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03702210507907071,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8454886128382214,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 73.28633384689212,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "hs_code": 844311,
    "num_markets": 45,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 896500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 28.59856630824373,
    "median_price_across_markets": 9797.860232187571,
    "price_spread_pct": 9149.665132889288,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 22.790917647058823,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 9114701
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1177500.6094468858,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.79756781671108
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2264073.835438126,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 92.27793321496817
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 2413807.7504950077,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.613473143551704
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1132588.178478687,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.07877446965594
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1321462.8337304,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.67637530045677
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1332852.535080586,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8619009978535427
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1315950.3126283,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.2681239677624376
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 342321.0945525013,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.98677660794078
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 221358.08461230106,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.33612501979434
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 827805.9577271278,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 273.9668958452516
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 697847.314309565,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.699167444310842
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 945026.1969823102,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.42019545024667
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 508889.017226552,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.15080313629889
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3824570.825684283,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 651.5530294853316
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 406483.371209086,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -89.37179124833284
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "POL",
    "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
    "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
    "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
    "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
    "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
    "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
    "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
    "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
    "population": 36559233,
    "labor_force": 17518.17,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
    "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
    "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
    "num_border_partners": 190,
    "num_colonial_partners": 40,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
    "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
  }
}