{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/731822",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731822",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/pol/731822",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731822",
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 173,
    "current_lane_count": 135,
    "active_market_count": 135,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 19582173.674705792,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 19474087.021673348,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18917527.40244813,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16928456.803409457,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16574658.270427471,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.040952478336981,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.032904675966869,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.5830841248140946,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 9685902.115243217,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 43808687.38142632,
    "historical_peak_year": 2012,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.457868353522886,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 5845507.79152212,
    "top_market_share_pct": 29.851169173689524,
    "destination_hhi": 1105.9216110159805,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 2.8070080280969054,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.08150264066715976,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0747913023323887,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 85.66336137135909,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 21.387283236994218,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:29:44",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731822,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded washers, excluding spring and lock",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7318,
      "substitution_elasticity": -4.3948865,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded washers, excluding spring and lock",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731822,
        "corridor_rank": 86,
        "exporter_iso3": "POL",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5845507.79152212,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3063110.5794541473,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5735288.193001133,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5369805.670696745,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5034702.34502315,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.6090998450073233,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.039969795885813,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.585253928577668,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15046254.769038199,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 181989120.25384536,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.0238459164296554,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.9335,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.388,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.2120094780218627,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.05696355687393195,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 17.009348822998906,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 86,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 896.39,
        "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9913578383449828,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 80.98579372225343,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": 731822,
      "num_markets": 151,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 9296769.230769232,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 223.47804391217565,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10842.105263157895,
      "price_spread_pct": 85744.83946688402,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 23.10819148936171,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 76780311
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 6546595.148771411,
        "active_destinations": 105,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.22076754267835
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 8095647.349062764,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.661951977923387
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 22972995.347748097,
        "active_destinations": 111,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 183.76971423301546
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 11937752.76216407,
        "active_destinations": 106,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -48.03571505822703
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 15090359.562713537,
        "active_destinations": 112,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.40871245500619
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 18031314.977577142,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.4889684546043
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 19836816.066171445,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.013141530939562
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 15298706.115473881,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.877209404772337
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 14703896.955532167,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.8879703646316486
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 13233564.572472826,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.999610222418937
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 11557819.322027098,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.662841075574221
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 16331882.4876758,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 41.30591621682654
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 17090242.07434756,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.6434303408931825
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 20188253.111323465,
        "active_destinations": 129,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.127367789751894
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 19474087.021673348,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.5375328697932042
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "POL",
      "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
      "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
      "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
      "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
      "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
      "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
      "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
      "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
      "population": 36559233,
      "labor_force": 17518.17,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
      "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
      "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
      "num_border_partners": 190,
      "num_colonial_partners": 40,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
      "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
      "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731822",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: non-threaded washers, excluding spring and lock",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731822,
      "corridor_rank": 86,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5845507.79152212,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3063110.5794541473,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5735288.193001133,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5369805.670696745,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5034702.34502315,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.6090998450073233,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.039969795885813,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.585253928577668,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15046254.769038199,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 181989120.25384536,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.0238459164296554,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.9335,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.388,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.2120094780218627,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.05696355687393195,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 17.009348822998906,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 86,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 896.39,
      "distance_km": 965.921142578125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03985311450096296,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03499577089308642,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9913578383449828,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 80.98579372225343,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "hs_code": 731822,
    "num_markets": 151,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "HKG",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 9296769.230769232,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 223.47804391217565,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10842.105263157895,
    "price_spread_pct": 85744.83946688402,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 23.10819148936171,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 76780311
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 6546595.148771411,
      "active_destinations": 105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.22076754267835
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 8095647.349062764,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.661951977923387
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 22972995.347748097,
      "active_destinations": 111,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 183.76971423301546
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 11937752.76216407,
      "active_destinations": 106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.03571505822703
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 15090359.562713537,
      "active_destinations": 112,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.40871245500619
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 18031314.977577142,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.4889684546043
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 19836816.066171445,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.013141530939562
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 15298706.115473881,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.877209404772337
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 14703896.955532167,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.8879703646316486
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 13233564.572472826,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.999610222418937
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 11557819.322027098,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.662841075574221
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 16331882.4876758,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 41.30591621682654
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 17090242.07434756,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.6434303408931825
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 20188253.111323465,
      "active_destinations": 129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.127367789751894
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 19474087.021673348,
      "active_destinations": 135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.5375328697932042
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "POL",
    "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292,
    "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214,
    "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375,
    "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241,
    "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116,
    "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134,
    "risk_score": 4.500304463636926,
    "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297,
    "population": 36559233,
    "labor_force": 17518.17,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.74,
    "savings_rate_pct": 22.35,
    "secondary_education_pct": 93.76,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24,
    "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 8,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 0,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055,
    "num_border_partners": 190,
    "num_colonial_partners": 40,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636,
    "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942,
    "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476
  }
}